我国粮食加工业的市场结构变动与产业发展绩效研究

陈祥新，钟钰

（中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所，北京 100081）

我国粮食加工业的市场结构变动与产业发展绩效研究

陈祥新，钟钰*

（中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所，北京 100081）

本文选取进入壁垒、市场主体构成、利润率、规模经济、产能利用率、研发创新能力和全要素生产率等对2008-2014年我国粮食加工业的市场结构变动与产业发展绩效进行研究，并通过相关系数分析粮食加工业市场结构与产业发展绩效之间的关系。结果表明：1）在改革和外资进入背景下，进入壁垒经历了从降低到提高的演变过程。国有企业和外资企业的市场份额趋于下降，民营企业的市场份额逐渐上升；2）中国粮食加工业发展绩效正逐步改善，但是整体水平偏低；3）粮食加工业市场结构的优化改善了产业发展绩效，同时也产生了一定的负面影响。在此基础上，提出了继续推进粮食加工业市场化改革；促进国内粮食企业整合重组；加大规模性粮食企业创新研发的建议。

粮食加工业；市场结构；产业发展绩效；外资进入；市场化改革

Abstract：Based on the data from 2008 to 2014, and applying the concepts of the barriers to entry, the market main body composition, the profit ratio, the economy of scale, the capacity utilization rate, the R&D innovation ability, the total factor productivity, and the correlation coefficient, this paper analyzed the market structure change and the industry development performance of China’s grain processing industry and their relationship. Results show that∶ 1) under the background of market-oriented reform and foreign capital’s entry, the barriers to entry have experienced a change from decreasing to increasing. The market share of state owned enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises tended to decline while the market share of private enterprises increased gradually; 2) although the industry development performance of China’s grain processing industry was improving gradually, the overall level was low; and 3) the optimization of the market structure has improved the industry development performance of the grain processing industry and imposed some negative effects at the same time. Based on above analysis results, this paper provides the following suggestions∶continuing to promote market-oriented reform of the grain processing industry, promoting the integration and reorganization of China’s grain processing industry, and increasing large-scale grain enterprises’ innovation and R&D.

Key words：grain processing industry; market structure; industry development performance; the entry of foreign capital; market-oriented reform

粮食加工业衔接粮食生产和消费，是我国粮食产业的重要组成部分。随着我国社会经济的发展，农业面临的历史任务和重点问题出现了相应变化，我国粮食流通体制经历了数次改革，粮食加工业随之发生变革[1]。近年来，粮食加工业政策性进入壁垒逐步下降，民营企业加快了进入步伐；国有粮食企业开始按照市场经济主体要求自主开展经营，对其经营性业务自负盈亏。……