付剑亮
摘 要 结构性影像学能提供直观的脑组织结构改变证据,而功能性影像学可从不同方面反映脑组织的激活、代谢状态和痴呆症临床前期患者脑功能的异常。对轻度认知功能障碍(mild cognitive impairment, MCI)患者的神经影像学研究如MCI的早期识别和转归预测等是认知功能领域的研究热点之一。本文概要介绍近年来MCI相关的神经影像学研究进展。
关键词 轻度认知功能障碍 磁共振成像 功能性神经影像学
中图分类号:R749.16 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2017)17-0008-07
Research progresses of neuroimaging on mild cognitive impairment*
FU Jianliang**
(Department of Neurology, the 6th Peoples Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China)
ABSTRACT Structural imaging provides intuitive evidence of brain structure change, and functional imaging reflects brain activation and metabolic conditions from different aspects, detects the brain abnormalities in the dementia preclinical stage. In recent years, neuroimaging has been widely used in the study of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and played an important role in early diagnosis of MCI and the prediction of the prognosis and is also one of the hotspots in the field of cognition study. In this article, the recent advances in the study of neuroimaging in the field of MCI are reviewed.
KEy WORDS mild cognitive impairment; magnetic resonance imaging; functional neuroimaging
輕度认知功能障碍(mild cognitive impairment, MCI)是介于正常老化与痴呆症之间的一种临床状态,表现为轻度的记忆和智能损害,但一般的认知功能和社会能力保持完好,未达到痴呆症的诊断标准,但有进展为痴呆症的高风险。MCI在老年人中普遍存在,在65岁以上老年人中的患病率为16% ~ 20%。MCI患者是痴呆症的高危人群,早发现、早诊断、早治疗MCI可延缓痴呆症的发生和发展。
1 MCI概念的演变
1988年Reisberg等[1]首先提出了MCI的概念。1999年,美国Mayo神经病学研究中心的Peterson等[2]提出了一种操作性较强的MCI诊断标准:①存在由患者自己、家属或知情人提供的记忆减退主诉;②记忆测验成绩低于年龄和文化程度匹配的健康对照者l.5个标准差;③总体认知功能轻度异常,即《总体衰退量表》(Global Deterioration Scale)评级为2 ~ 3级或《临床痴呆症评分》(Clinical Dementia Rating)评分为0.5分;④一般认知功能正常;⑤日常生活能力正常;⑥排除痴呆症或任何可导致脑功能紊乱的躯体和精神疾患。由于该诊断标准所描述的认知功能损害特征与阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimers disease, AD)的早期或临床前期表现极其相似,因此适用于AD早期或临床前期的诊断和治疗相关的研究。……