孵化期遗鸥卵质量变化及卵参数测定

2017-10-12 10:51:06汪青雄杨超肖红
四川动物 2017年5期
关键词:差异质量

汪青雄, 杨超, 肖红

(陕西省动物研究所,西安710032)

孵化期遗鸥卵质量变化及卵参数测定

汪青雄, 杨超, 肖红*

(陕西省动物研究所,西安710032)

本研究在红碱淖湿地共收集遗鸥Larusrelictus卵111枚,采用实测和公式计算的方法进行卵参数测定。结果表明,同窝卵各参数随产卵顺序依次减少(卵质量:1=59.31 g±3.86 g, 2=56.59 g±3.67 g, 3=54.99 g±3.96 g),其中第1枚卵质量与第2、3枚卵质量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。这可能与自身能量储备有关,通过减轻卵质量和缩小卵大小,但又不影响卵孵化率,以达到亲鸟最大繁殖适合度的策略。遗鸥在孵化阶段卵质量损失9.50 g±1.45 g,损失率为15.82%±1.94%。孵化后3~5 d和雏鸟出壳前2 d卵质量损失出现明显峰值,整体上卵质量损失速度与胚胎发育速度一致。野外调查中,当能获得卵鲜质量时,用Paganelli公式计算;反之,用Narhshin公式计算。但2种方法计算结果与实测结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。总体上,在遗鸥卵参数测定中,Paganelli公式比Narushin公式更简便、快捷。

遗鸥;卵质量损失;卵参数;测量方法

Abstract: In this study, a total of 111 eggs of relict gull (Larusrelictus) were collected in Hongjiannao wetland, and eggs parameters were determined by formula method and manual measure. The results showed that eggs parameters were reduced along with egg laying sequence in the same clutch (egg mass: 1=59.31 g±3.86 g, 2=56.59 g±3.67 g, and 3=54.99 g±3.96 g), and the first egg had significant differences with the second and the third egg (P<0.05). This might be due to the management of energy storage which could achieve the maximum breeding fitness of parental birds by reducing egg mass and egg size but without influencing the hatching rate of eggs. The mean mass loss of eggs was 9.50 g±1.45 g, and the loss rate was 15.82%±1.94%. Additionally, egg loss peaked in 3-5 d of post-hatching and 2 d of pre-nestling, on the whole, egg mass loss rate was consistent with the embryonic development. Paganelli formula was used to determine the raw mass of eggs in field investigation, where others were calculated by Narhshin formula. However, the results of both formula methods had not significant differences with that of manual measure (P>0.05). Overall, Paganelli formula is simple and quick than Narushin formula in parameters measurement ofL.relictus.

Keywords:Larusrelictus; eggs mass loss; egg parameters; measurement method

鸟卵是鸟类繁衍后代的重要组成部分,也是鸟类生态学研究鸟类繁殖的一个重要环节(郑光美,1995)。了解孵化期卵质量的变化有助于研究胚胎发育与孵化天数、孵化与巢址间微环境的相互关系(Shanawany,1984,1987)。

鸟卵的形状、大小、颜色等参数在鸟类亲缘关系较近的类群间有一定的相似性。掌握卵特征有助于野外物种的鉴别。国外有关鸟卵参数测定方法的报道非常多(Smart,1967;Carter,1968;Paganellietal.,1974;Narushin,1997),计算公式也比较全面和成熟,尤其是Paganelli(1974)和Narushin(1997)提供的计算公式对卵参数的计算比较精确且操作方便。而国内这方面的文献报道极少。因此,作者通过红碱淖遗鸥Larusrelictus孵化期卵质量的变化判断其与孵化天数之间的关系,以及利用计算公式测定卵容积和表面积,以便野外条件下尽量减少对巢卵的破坏,也为遗鸥的生物学提供基础性资料。

1 研究地区和方法

1.1研究地区概况

研究地区位于陕西省神木县红碱淖(109°42′~110°54′E,38°13′~39°27′N),属于鄂尔多斯高原内陆性淡水湖泊。湖面海拔1 200 m,2014年实际测量面积31.5 km2。实测pH值为9.4。红碱淖地区属于温带大陆性气候,年平均气温5.2 ℃,7月平均气温21.3 ℃,12月平均气温-12.9 ℃。……

登录APP查看全文

猜你喜欢
差异质量
相似与差异
音乐探索(2022年2期)2022-05-30 21:01:37
找句子差异
做梦导致睡眠质量差吗
DL/T 868—2014与NB/T 47014—2011主要差异比较与分析
生物为什么会有差异?
关于质量的快速Q&A
质量投诉超六成
汽车观察(2016年3期)2016-02-28 13:16:26
M1型、M2型巨噬细胞及肿瘤相关巨噬细胞中miR-146a表达的差异
收入性别歧视的职位差异
石器时代与质量的最初萌芽