香蕉可溶性膳食纤维的特性及通便功能研究

余拓，王娟，*，杨公明

（1.华南理工大学食品科学与工程学院，广东广州510641；2.华南农业大学食品学院，广东广州510642）

香蕉可溶性膳食纤维的特性及通便功能研究

余拓1，王娟1，*，杨公明2

（1.华南理工大学食品科学与工程学院，广东广州510641；2.华南农业大学食品学院，广东广州510642）

从香蕉中提取可溶性膳食纤维（SDF），分析其结构特性，并通过动物实验考察其通便功能。结果显示：SDF分子呈透明状的球形，同时通过电镜观察呈现为不规则的相互连接的团状物以及粗糙的表面。香蕉SDF的单糖组成中有鼠李糖、半乳糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖和葡萄糖。通便实验每天按1、2、4 g/（kg·BW·d）的剂量对实验小鼠进行喂食，结果表明，香蕉可溶性膳食纤维能减少小鼠的每日进食量和体重增加，并且呈现量效关系；SDF减少了小鼠首粒黑色粪便出现的时间，并且SDF干预组能够加速小肠运动。香蕉可溶性膳食纤维（SDF）不仅有利于缓解便秘，而且能帮助减少体重增长。

香蕉；便秘；通便；可溶性膳食纤维；结构

Abstract：Banana soluble dietary fiber （SDF）was extracted and its structure properties were analyzed.Then banana SDF was applied to mice in order to investigate its laxative effects.Results showed that SDF particles were transparent roundness observed，while they showed some irregular shape clumps connected and unsmooth surfaces in scanning electron microscopy.SDF was possibly composed of five monosaccharides，rhamnose，galatcose，xylose，arabinose and glucose at least.Mice were treated with the dose at 1，2，4 g/kg bodyweight per day in our research.Results showed that banana SDF were able to control daily food intake and body weight increase in mice，and these capacities were positively related to SDF dose.SDF decreased the time of the first black dejecta ejection of mice.The SDF treated groups were able to accelerate the movement of small intestine.Consequently，banana SDF was not only benefit for constipation remission，but also benefit for reducing body weight growth.

Key words：banana；constipation；laxative；soluble dietary fiber；structure

膳食纤维是指不能被人体小肠消化吸收，而在人体大肠能部分或全部发酵的可食用的植物性成分、碳水化合物及其相类似物质的总和，包括多糖、寡糖、木质素以及相关的植物类物质[1]，按溶解特性可分为可溶性膳食纤维（SDF）和不溶性膳食纤维（IDF）两大类[2]。

SDF是指不被人体消化道酶消化，但可溶解于温、热水且又能被乙醇再沉淀的那部分膳食纤维，它主要是植物细胞内的储存物质和分泌物，包括果胶、树胶、葡聚糖、阿拉伯胶、角叉胶、瓜儿豆胶、卡拉胶、黄原胶、琼脂以及半乳甘露聚糖、葡萄糖、海藻酸盐、羧甲基纤维素等[3-4]，对多种金属离子有良好的吸附特性，能促进人体代谢和小肠蠕动，具有缓解便秘的功能[5-6]。……