右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因用于高血压患者局麻手术对血流动力学的影响

2017-10-27 22:51:58王义凤杨昌明周芹
中国医药导报 2017年25期
关键词:罗哌卡因高血压

王义凤+杨昌明+周芹

[摘要] 目的 觀察右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因用于高血压患者择期局麻手术的临床效果及对血流动力学的影响。 方法 选择2015年3月~2016年3月于武汉大学人民医院择期行乳腺包块(直径<2.5 cm,部位≤3个)切除术的高血压女性患者60例,随机分为三组。A组:静脉给予右美托咪定复合0.5%罗哌卡因局麻;B组:静脉给予右美托咪定复合1%利多卡因局麻;C组:静脉给予生理盐水复合0.5%罗哌卡因局麻。记录患者入室时(T0)、手术开始时(T1)、手术开始后15 min(T2)、手术结束时(T3)血流动力学变化,并比较三组患者麻醉起效时间、镇痛效果、持续时间及不良反应。 结果 A组和B组患者在T1~T3时收缩压、舒张压及心率各指标较T0时明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);与C组比较,A、B组患者在T1~T3时的收缩压、舒张压及心率均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);与B组比较,A组与C组的麻醉起效时间稍长,镇痛持续时间明显较长,患者术后4、6、8 h的VAS评分较低,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。 结论 右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因局麻用于高血压患者择期手术效果安全确切,术中患者血流动力学更稳定,且有较好术后镇痛效果。

[关键词] 右美托咪定;罗哌卡因;乳腺包块;高血压

[中图分类号] R614.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)09(a)-0065-04

[Abstract] Objective To observe the effect of Dexmedetomidine combined with Ropivacaine on hemodynamics of hypertensive patients underwent selective operation with local anesthesia. Methods 60 hypertensive female who underwent selective breast mass (diameter<2.5 cm, parts≤3) resection in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from March 2015 to March 2016 were randomly divided into three groups. Patients in group A were given intravenous administration of Dexmedetomidine combined with 0.5% Ropivacaine local anesthesia; patients in group B were given intravenous administration of Dexmedetomidine combined 1% Lidocaine local anesthesia; patients in group C were given intravenous administration of saline combined with 0.5% Ropivacaine local anesthesia. The hemodynamic changes were recorded at the time that patients went into the operating room (T0), beginning of the operation (T1), 15 min after the start of the operation (T2) and the end of the operation (T3); while the analgesic onset time, analgesic effect, time of duration and adverse reactions of the patients in the three groups were compared. Results The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate of patients in group A and B at the time point T1-T3 were significantly lower than those at T0 (P < 0.05). Compared with group C, the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate of patients in group A and B were significantly lower at the time point T1-T3 (P < 0.05). Compared with group B, the anesthesia onset time and duration of analgesia were longer, and the VAS scores were lower at 4, 6, 8 h after operation in both of the group A and C (P < 0.05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine combined with Ropivacaine local anesthesia for breast mass resection in patients with hypertension is a safe and accurate method, which has more stable hemodynamics and better postoperative analgesic effect.endprint

[Key words] Dexmedetomidine; Ropivacaine; Breast mass; Hypertension

流行病学研究显示,高血压已成为威胁我国公共健康的主要问题[1],围术期合并高血压的患者明显增多,此类患者在接受局麻手术时,可因紧张或手术操作刺激等出现血压剧烈波动增加不适,如血压异常波动不能及时处理,则可能引起主要脏器功能障碍,增加麻醉及手术难度,甚至增加心脑血管事件风险。因此,围术期充分镇静与镇痛对于减少并发症、缩短住院时间、降低住院费用至关重要。作为高选择性α2肾上腺素能受体激动剂,右美托咪定发挥中枢抗交感和抗焦虑作用,可产生良好的镇静效应,且对心血管系統有一定的保护作用。罗哌卡因是长效左旋酰胺类局麻药,通过阻断神经纤维钠离子电流发挥可逆性的冲动传导阻滞作用,产生麻醉和镇痛双重效应。本研究拟采用静脉给予右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因局麻用于高血压患者乳腺切除术,观察其临床效果及对患者血流动力学的影响。

1 资料与方法

1.1一般资料

选择2015年3月~2016年3月于武汉大学人民医院(以下简称“我院”)择期行乳腺包块(直径<2.5 cm,部位≤3个)切除术合并高血压1~2级的60例女性患者,ASA Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,年龄33~62岁,体重48~75 kg,心电图检查正常,无器质性系统疾病,无心动过缓、房室传导阻滞等病史,无精神病史,无长期饮酒和药物滥用史。预计手术时间为30~60 min。排除标准:术中冰冻切片诊断为恶性肿瘤后续行手术者。本研究经我院伦理委员会批准,所有患者均签署了知情同意书。

1.2 分组与麻醉方法

所有患者术前规律服用降压药,常规禁食8 h、禁饮6 h。……

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