听力命题趋势与高分技巧揭秘

河南 马国民

听力命题趋势与高分技巧揭秘

河南 马国民

作为高考试卷的第一部分，听力试题近年来命题趋于稳定，具有一定的规律与趋势，而且答题也具有一定的技巧性。

一、命题趋势分析

全国卷听力3年考查情况分析表一

全国卷听力3年考查情况分析表二

通过深入研读考试说明和高考试卷，并结合上述两个分析表，我们会发现听力的命题规律与趋势如下：

1. 有10段听力材料，分为两节，第一节为5段短对话，每段对话均配有一个小题，谈论的内容较为简单，每段对话仅读一遍。第二节为4段长对话和一篇较长的独白，对话或独白配有数目不等的小题，每段材料均读两遍。

2. 材料一般来源于实际生活，往往围绕一个有关日常生活的话题展开，同时会有一些相关细节的支持，多是考生所熟悉的交际场景，话题包括出行、天气、日常生活、工作和学习、度假、购物等，以对话或独白为主。对话多发生在宾馆、饭店、商店、办公室、影剧院、家庭、车站等不同地点，也可能发生在飞机、火车、轮船等交通工具中。

【真题典例1】（2016，全国新课标卷Ⅰ，1）What are the speakers talking about?

A. Having a birthday party.

B. Doing some exercise.

C. Getting Lydia a gift.

【听力原文】

W：What are we going to get for Lydia’s birthday?

M：How about a pair of running shoes?

W：You know she hates doing exercise.

M：Then I guess we can buy her a birthday cake.

【解析】女士问给Lydia买什么生日礼物，男士建议买一双跑步鞋，女士说Lydia讨厌运动，最后男士建议买一块生日蛋糕。根据对话内容可知，双方谈论的话题属于日常生活，内容是为Lydia购买生日礼物。

【答案】C

【真题典例2】（2016，全国新课标卷Ⅱ，2）What is the weather like now?

A. It’s sunny.

B. It’s rainy.

C. It’s cloudy.

【听力原文】

W：Peter，how is the weather now? Is it still raining?

M：No，but there’s still lots of clouds. The weatherman said the sun wouldn’t come out until next week.

【解析】女士问男士现在是否仍然在下雨，男士说没下雨，但是仍然有很多云，天气预报说下周才会晴天。根据对话内容可知，双方谈论的话题是天气，并且当时是多云天气。

【答案】C

3. 对话一般在两个人之间进行，两个人性别往往不同，对话可能是面对面的，也可能是通过电话。如果对话双方性别相同，则往往年龄相差较大，语音明显不同。独白可以是天气预报、活动简介、课题授课内容，也可以是讲述自己或别人的一段往事。

4. 从题干的特点来看，均为特殊疑问句，且提问的重点包括事件（what）（10～14个小题）、地点（where）（2～3个小题）、时间（when）（1个小题左右）、原因（why）（1个小题左右）、人物（who）（1个小题左右）、数字（how many/how much）等，其中事件和地点是考查的重点。每个小题均配有A、B、C三个选项。题干和选项一般比较简短，选项为一个单词、一个短语或一个简单的句子，选项的长度、难度和结构基本一致。

【真题典例3】（2016，全国新课标卷Ⅰ，10）Why does the woman make the call?

A. To book a hotel room.

B. To ask about the room service.

C. To make changes to a reservation.

【听力原文】

St. Henri, Reserve Bin A, RWT, Magill Estate, Bin169,Bin707

M：Hello，Milton Hotel reservations. How may I assist you?

W：Hi. I’m calling to make some changes to an existing reservation.

M：Certainly. Do you have the reservation number?

W：Sure. It’s 219.

M：That’s a reservation for Sally Menkel. Is that right?

W：Yes，that’s right. I’d like to change the check-in date from September 15th to September 16th.

M：Certainly. I can make that change for you. Is that the only change?

W：No. The check-out date will also change from the 23rd to the 24th.

W：Yes. Instead of a courtyard room，I’d like a room with a view，preferably on an upper floor.

M：I can certainly change that for you，but there will be a change in the room rate. The new rate is $199 per night，instead of the original $179.

W：That’s OK. These are all the changes. Thank you very much.

M：You’re welcome. Have a nice day!

【解析】该题询问的是女士打电话的原因，题干使用的是特殊疑问词why提问。男士说：“这里是Milton酒店预订处，有什么能帮助您？”女士说：“我打电话是要对以前的预订做些更改。”由此可以推断出女士打电话的原因是为了变更预订的信息。

【答案】C

二、高分技巧揭秘

1.调整状态，深入其中

在听听力时，如果心神游离不定，注意力难以集中，那么就会对所放的听力录音一知半解，答题似是而非，进而导致错误成片，正确率低下。因此，在听录音时，考生需要排除一切干扰，调整好自己的状态，静下心来，集中精力，深入其中，这样才能为高效答题奠定坚实的基础。

2.浏览题干，预测话题

在放录音前，建议考生先迅速浏览题干和各个选项，可提前对听力录音的话题进行预测，这样在听录音时，就会有所侧重，有助于快速捕捉录音内容中的关键信息，进一步提高答题的正确率。在听录音时，注意整体把握材料，不要因为一个词或短语没有听清就止步不前。

【真题典例4】（2016，全国新课标卷Ⅱ，12）What did the man like doing when he was a child?

A. Drawing.

B. Traveling.

C. Reading.

【听力原文】

W：Hello，everyone. Welcome to our program. Today，we are fortunate to have a special guest with us. Some of you may have heard of him before. He’s an artist. His works have received many prizes and have been shown in over one hundred exhibitions across the country—Los Angeles，New York，Philadelphia，to name just a few. His name is Chris Cucksy. So Chris，tell us a bit about yourself.

M：Well，I was born in Springfield，Missouri，and grew up in Kansas. I didn’t come from a family with wealth or position，but I did manage to get a master’s degree in fine arts.

W：When did you first start to make art? And what was the turning point in your life that made you an artist?

M：I always liked drawing as early as I can remember，so right from then，I knew what I was going to be：an artist.

W：What is it that always inspires you to create?

M：Nature is the biggest inspiration. I’m always inspired by things of beauty and harmony.

【解析】浏览题干可知，该题询问的是男士小时候的爱好，因此在听录音时，重点捕捉的是与男士爱好相关的内容，这是准确答题的关键。对话中，女士问男士什么促使他成为画家时，男士回答：“从我记事开始，我就一直喜欢画画”，“I always liked drawing as early as I can remember”是录音中的关键内容。由此可知，男士小时候喜欢的是画画。

【答案】A

【真题典例5】（2016，全国新课标卷Ⅰ，13）What is the woman’s plan for Saturday?

A. Going shopping.

B. Going camping.

C. Going boating.

【听力原文】

W：Gordon，I’m going to Keswick in the Lake District this weekend.

M：Really?

W：Yeah，five of us. Why don’t you join us? We’re getting to Keswick on Friday. Then we’re going boating on Saturday. And on Sunday，wer’e going to do some shopping.Then I will take some time to visit my aunt Lucy.

M：You’re not going to camp，are you? Isn’t it a bit cold?

W：No，we’re not. It is a bit cold. We’re staying in a country inn. It’s not like five-star hotels or anything. But it’s really comfortable.

M：Hmm，sounds interesting. You know，it’s the boating that I don’t like.

W：Well，what are you up to?

M：Sit on my sofa all weekend and watch the DVDs I’ve just bought. And that will be a busy weekend. I may finish watching Friends.

W：I don’t know how you can do that all weekend，Gordon. I’d get bored.

M：I know，I know. But that’s really what I want to do.

【解析】浏览题干可知，该题询问的是女士周六的计划，并且从购物、宿营和划船这三者中进行选择。在听录音时，侧重点需要放在周六计划方面，并且留意内容是否与购物、宿营或划船相关。根据录音内容可知，女士说周五到Keswick，周六去划船，周日去购物，录音中“Then we’re going boating on Saturday”是判断答案的关键句，其中“going boating”是关键词。

【答案】C

3.做好笔记，唤醒记忆

俗话说，好记性不如烂笔头。在听听力时，建议考生养成做笔记的好习惯。听力开始后，随听随记，排除冗杂信息的干扰，留心关键性信息，快速记录人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等关键性信息。特别是对于材料长、信息量大、情节复杂的对话或独白材料，更应做好笔记，这样有利于集中精力，有利于唤醒记忆，有利于准确答题。做笔记时，可结合好题干和选项的内容，选准记录的侧重点，内容力求简洁精练。

【真题典例6】

（2016，全国新课标卷Ⅰ，17）Who is Wang Ming?

A. A student.

B. An employer.

C. An engineer.

（2016，全国新课标卷Ⅰ，19）What percentage of student job seekers have found a job by now?

A. 20%. B. 22%. C. 50%.

（2016，全国新课标卷Ⅰ，20）Why are engineering graduates more likely to accept a job?

A. They need more work experience.

B. The salary is usually good.

C. Their choice is limited.

【听力原文】

M：Hello. Welcome to the program. In America，May and June are the traditional months for graduations. A listener in China，Wang Ming，who is about to get an engineering degree，wants to know how American college graduates find jobs. Right now，the answer is：not very easily. A latest study on the college job market showed that employers wanted to hire 22% fewer graduates this year than last. The study also showed that just 20% of those who looked for jobs before graduation have found one by now. This is compared to half of students who had looked for a job by this time two years ago.But one difference：fewer of this year’s graduates have started to search for jobs. Engineering graduates were more likely to have started their job search already，and to have accepted a job. This is among the best-paid professions for people with just a college degree. On average，engineering majors expect to start at about $62 000 a year.

【解析】

17题题干询问的是Wang Ming是谁，在听录音时，听力笔记侧重记录的是与此相关的内容。录音中“Wang Ming，who is about to get an engineering degree，wants to know how American college graduates find jobs.”是答题的关键内容，其中“is about to get an engineering degree”和“college graduates find jobs”可作为笔记记录的重点。由此可知，Wang Ming即将获得工程学位，想了解美国大学毕业生是如何找工作的，因此Wang Ming是一名学生。故选A。

19题题干询问的是到目前为止找到工作的学生的百分比，做笔记的重点就是录音中与百分比相关的内容。“The study also showed that just 20% of those who looked for jobs before graduation have found one by now.”是关键句，其中20%是记录的重点内容。由此可知，毕业前找工作的学生当中到目前为止只有20%的人找到了工作。故选A。

20题题干询问的是工程专业的毕业生可能接受某份工作的原因，录音中“Engineering graduates were more likely to have started their job search already，and to have accepted a job. This is among the best-paid professions for people with just a college degree. On average，engineering majors expect to start at about $62 000 a year.”是关键内容，其中“This is among the best-paid professions for people with just a college degree.”是关键句，“best-paid professions”可作为记录的重点。由此可知，工程专业的毕业生更可能接受工作的原因在于薪酬通常比较高。故选B。

4.快速判断，果断答题

在一段听力录音播放结束后，考生需要根据听到的录音内容并结合题干和选项快速判断答案，果断选出自己认为正确的选项，切不可长时间犹犹豫豫，举棋不定，毕竟各小题之间的停顿时间很短，不可顾此失彼，不能影响后面的答题。在开始播放一段新录音时，考生需要把注意力及时调整过来，不可再停留在上一题上。