朱祖谋流寓江南与同光体诗派词风的流变

赵家晨

关键词：民国词坛；朱祖谋；《梦窗词》；梦窗词风；同光体

摘要：光绪二十六年，朱祖谋应王鹏运之邀参与校注《梦窗词》并开始学习梦窗词风。他四校梦窗词，填词用梦窗韵或和梦窗韵，编纂《宋词三百首》并笺注、评点、诠释梦窗词旨，日益崇尚梦窗词风。辛亥易代后，他流寓沪、苏之间，积极参与文人筵饮、雅集、诗词社团社课以及交游活动，培养、奖掖后进词人，在民国词坛上掀起“梦窗热”。活跃在此时期的同光体诗派深受其影响，词学也由宗尚浙西、常州二派逐渐转变为推崇“梦窗”及彊邨词风。朱祖谋将晚清四大词人推崇的梦窗词风流播到全国流域，一代词学风会为之转移。

中图分类号：I206.2

文献标志码：A文章编号：1009-4474（2017）06-0061-07

Zhu Zumous Stay in Jiangnan Region and the Change of Tongguangti Cipoetic Style

ZHAO Jiachen

（ School of Liberal Arts， Nanjing Normal University， Nanjing 210097， China）

Key words： Ci circle of Republic of China； Zhu Zumou； Ci of Mengchuang； Ci of Mengchuang style； Tongguangti Cipoetic style

Abstract： In 1899， Zhu Zumou，at the invitation of Wang Pengyun， joined in the annotation work for Ci of Mengchuang， and therefore began familiarizing himself with Ci of Mengchuang style.He collatedand annotated Ci of Mengchuang four times， commented and interpreted Ci of Mengchuang style，composed poems in Mengchuang style，and compiled 300 Poems of Song Dynasty，adoring increasingly to Mengchuang style. After the revolution of 1911，he stayed around Shanghai and Jiangsu， participating in the feast drink， poetry and literature societies， involving himself in service activities， training excursion ， cultivating new poets， and stimulating a hot pursuit of Mengchuang style in the Ci circle of the Republic of China. Poets of Tongguang School that time were greatly influenced by his practice， and their style accordingly began taking a turn from Zhexi and Changzhou schools to Mengchuang. Thus， Zhu Zumou， imparting Mengchuang style wide to the country， made a change in the style of Cipoetry of the time.

一般來说，能将强烈的家国情怀、高标的道德节操、渊深的学识修养以及显赫的仕宦生涯等因素叠加于一身的文坛领袖往往能引领时代风会，促使时代审美标准发生改变。活跃在晚清民国词坛之朱祖谋即是典型，他追随王鹏运学习填词、校词伊始，尊崇的是南宋梦窗词风。民国初年流寓江南之际，他频频参与江南地域文学盛事活动，促使“梦窗”词风迅速流播至全国，完成一代词学风会之转移。与其交游的同光体诗派填词者词学风尚也由推尊浙西、常州二派转变为推尊梦窗及彊邨词风。

本文拟以考察朱祖谋宗尚的梦窗词风的确立为基础，梳理他与“同光体诗人”①的雅集、筵饮、唱和、冶游等活动，略析同光体诗派词风流变的过程，并探究晚近词坛第一次词学风会转移对整个词坛的意义。……