剑麻园专用生物配方肥的配制与试验示范及推广

黄标+杨荣+夏李虹

摘 要 为提高保肥性和肥效，培肥地力，改良土壤生态环境，实现机械化精准平衡施肥，成功配制了有机与无机肥相结合兼加有益功能菌的配方颗粒肥，该配方肥经机械化边施肥边覆土试验，比常规等价肥增产6.63 %，且每公顷降低作业成本2 400元以上，并促进剑麻标准化、规模化、机械化生产，提高生产效率，有利于循环经济和剑麻产业持续发展，若该专用生物配方肥能添加较缺乏的中微肥，其效应更为突出，社会、生态及经济效益会更显著。

关键词 剑麻园 ；专用生物配方肥 ；配制生产 ；试验示范 ；推广

中图分类号 S563.8

Abstract In order to increase fertilizer effect and improve soil ecological environment and achieve mechanized precision balanced fertilization，the formula granular fertilizer was prepared. The formula fertilizer was mixed with organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer and beneficial bacteria. The experimental demonstration was carried on covering the soil while applying the formula fertilizer by machinery. The results show that the sisal production increases by 6.63% and the production costs reduce more than 2400 yuan per hectare in comparison with conventional equivalent fertilizer. As the formula fertilizer application and popularization，sisal standardized，large-scale，mechanized production will be promoted，and the production efficiency will be improved，and the circular economy and sisal industry will develop and sustain. If some deficient medium and micro fertilizer are added into the special formula bio-fertilizer，it can gain more prominent effects，and achieve more significant social，ecological and economic benefits.

Key words sisal plantation ； special formula bio-fertilizer ； preparation and production ； experimental demonstration ； popularization

2008年8月至2015年12月，在湛江农垦东方红农场农科所，开展了H·11648麻（简称“剑麻”）成龄麻及中老龄麻“3414”NPK施肥试验的技术研究。该农科所位于雷州半岛南部名优基地，地处北纬20°23'29"-20°35'01"，东经110°0'20"-110°10'14"，其砖红壤由玄武岩发育而成。在该基地上采用传统方式种植剑麻后，通过研究其供肥能力、植株对养分吸收和肥料利用率等指标，发现这一种植方式，肥料利用率非常低、传统人工施有机肥及化肥工效差、劳动强度大，严重影响了剑麻产业的持续发展。为此，本研究探讨了研制生产剑麻专用有机无机（无机配比以测土配方为依据）生物配方颗粒肥（简称“剑麻专用生物配方肥”，下同），并试行应用推广，以期实现测土配方精准施肥、机械化施肥[1]，提升土壤保肥性，提高肥料利用率和植株抗逆性，降低作业成本，达到提高生产效率、减轻劳动强度的目的。

1 材料与方法