印度蓖麻蚕产业发展对中国的启示

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摘要：【目的】分析印度蓖麻蚕产业的现状和发展成就，以期对中国蓖麻蚕产业发展起到借鉴作用。【方法】采用文献检索与实地调研等方法，研究近年来印度蓖麻蚕茧产量持续稳定增加的原因和发展中存在问题，分析我国蓖麻蚕产业与印度的差距以及衰退的原因，提出我国发展蓖麻蚕产业建议。【结果】印度国内有着悠久的蓖麻蚕饲养传统和强劲的蚕产品消费需求，产业发展得到了政府的大力支持，但落后的饲养模式和较差的基础设施，制约了产业发展的规模和速度。中国的蓖麻蚕产业社会需求少，比较效益低，规模较小，失去了政府的扶持引导，产业已进入衰退期。【启示】建议中国蓖麻蚕产业依托现代科技，实施产业转型，在食品、饲料、医药、生物等领域创造新的消费需求，运用全产业链模式提高产品附加值，将蓖麻及蓖麻蚕系列产品的价值最大限度的利用起来，才能实现蓖麻蚕产业的可持续发展。

关键词：印度；蓖麻蚕；产业发展；启示

中图分类号：F326S885文献标识码：A文章编号：1003-4374（2017）03-0047-08

Abstract：【Objective】This paper analyzes the current situation and achievements of Indian castor silkworm industry in order to provide reference for the development of Chinese castor silkworm industry【Methods】The reasons & problems in the steady increase of castor silkworm cocoon production in India in recent years and the gap between China & India are analyzed，based on document study & field researchProposals are therefore offered for the development of castor silkworm industry in China【Results】In India，with a long tradition of castor silkworm rearing and strong demand for silkworm products，the industry has been strongly supported by Indian government，but the backward feeding pattern and poor infrastructure restrict the scale and speed of castor silkworm industryIn China，the castor silkworm industry has entered a recession due to little social demands，low comparative benefits，small scales and loss of government support【Implication】If China aims to realize the sustainable development of castor silkworm industry，it involves industrial transformation supported by modern technology，so as to create new consumer demand in the fields of food，feed，medicine，biology，etcThe whole-industrial-chain model to effectively increase the value-added products is also needed

Key Words：India；castor silkworm；development of industry；implication

蓖麻蚕，因主食蓖麻叶而得名，有兩种类型，一种是野生型蓖麻蚕，学名：[WTBX]Philosamia samia canningi，属二化性；另一种是驯化型蓖麻蚕，学名：Philosamia samia ricini Boisduval，属多化性，这两种蚕都起源于印度东北部的阿萨姆邦[1]。在用于商业开发的非家蚕中，蓖麻蚕是唯一一个被驯化可以在室内整年饲养的野蚕。蓖麻蚕已在印度、中国、韩国、泰国和越南等世界上许多地方饲养。获取的蓖麻蚕丝是服装原料和医学上的重要生物材料[2-3]。……