海南降香黄檀人工林重要害虫及天敌种类调查

向涛 崔龙箫

摘  要  降香黄檀是我国海南珍贵的红木树种，由于经济利益的驱使，降香黄檀自然种群濒临灭绝。在此形势下，降香黄檀人工林面积迅速增加，病虫害发生日趋严重，而相关报道甚少。本文开展海南降香黄檀重要害虫及天敌种类的调查，旨在了解降香黄檀害虫与天敌之间可能存在的关系，为降香黄檀生物防治提供参考，以期实现降香黄檀人工林的健康可持续经营。经调查发现，降香黄檀主要害虫有6种，有虫株率达到了66%，虫咬率为10.30%，叶部危害最严重。害虫天敌有6种，分别是南方刀螳螂（Tenoderaaridifolia Stoll）、螟蛉悬茧姬[Charops bicolor（Szepligeri）]、瓢虫（Coccinellidae）、草蛉（Chrysopidae）、黄带犀猎蝽（Betta macrostoma）、食虫虻（Aslidae）等。

关键词  海南 ;降香黄檀 ;害虫 ;天敌 ;调查 ;生物防治

中图分类号  S436.6    文献标识码  A    Doi：10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2018.11.012

A Survey of Major Pest Insects and Their Natural Enemies of

Dalbergia odorifera Plantations in Hainan

XIANG Tao  CUI Longxiao

（Guangdong Double Wood Tech Co.， Ltd， Qingyuan， Guangdong 511518）

Abstract  The population of Dalbergia odorifera， a precious rosewood species in Hainan， was endangered due to felling rampantly by human driven by economic interest. In this context the area of Dalbergia odorifera plantations had increased sharply， and the occurrence of pests and diseases had became serious， which was rarely reported. A survey was hence made of the major pest insects and their natural enemies of D. odorifera in Hainan and was aimed to understand the potential relationship between the pest insects and their natural enemies of D. odorifera， so as to provide reference for the biological control of the pest insects infesting D. odorifera and realize healthy and sustainable development of D. odorifera plantations. There were 6 species of major pest insects infesting D. odorifera plantations， and 66% of the plantations were found with the pest insects， with an infesting rate of 10.30%. The leaves were most seriously infested. There were 6 species of natural enemies of the pest insects， which included Tenodera aridifolia Stoll， Charops bicolor （Szepligeri）， Coccinellidae， Chrysopidae， Betta macrostoma and Aslidae.

Key words  Hainan Province ; Dalbergia odorifera ; pest insect ; natural enemy ; survey ; bio-control

降香黃檀，又名黄花梨、花梨木，我国常见的珍贵木材和中药材。降香黄檀其种子自然繁殖力很弱，生长缓慢，加之人为的乱采滥伐，目前自然林木已濒临灭绝。降香作为海南岛的特产和稀少的植物种，已列为国家重点保护植物之一[1]，为了拯救海南降香黄檀，保护现有种质资源[2]，建设和培育降香黄檀人工林是当下发展趋势。然而，随着人工林造林面积的增加，病虫害日趋严重，制约了人工林的健康发展。现有的调查显示降香黄檀主要的害虫有毒蛾、瘤胸天牛、卷叶虫、白蛾蜡蝉、金龟子、蟋蟀、灰卷裙夜蛾[2-5]等。本文开展对降香黄檀重要害虫的种类调查，旨在掌握害虫天敌的种类、分布。利用天敌、生长环境等， 积极推广生物防治，以达到控制爆发的虫害的目的[6-7]，有利于降香黄檀人工林的健康经营和可持续发展。……