刘世友 万金豹 高金丽 徐惠琴



摘要:【目的】了解上海市宝山区老年跌倒发生的水平,分析其发生的影响因素,为进一步开展预防工作提供依据。【方法】采用多阶段抽样的方法,对两个社区4个居委共计2849名老年人的跌倒发生及相关影响因素进行了回顾性调查。【结果】一年内跌倒发生率10.28% (293/2849),按人次计算为14.15%(403/2849),大部分的跌倒發生在家中(45.55%),女性(OR=1.446,95%CI:1.099 ~1.901)、室内地面存在危险因素(OR=1.435,95%CI:1.039 ~1.981)、患有慢性病(OR=1.726,95%CI:1.130 ~2.637)、有跌倒史(OR=4.325,95%CI:3.265 ~5.729)、日常生活需要拐杖者(OR=1.906,95%CI:1.346 ~2.697)、楼道内照明差(OR=1.668,95%CI:1.042 ~2.669)是老年跌倒的危险因素,经常室外活动是保护性因素(OR=0.855,95%CI: 0.755 ~0.967)。【结论】老年跌倒是内在因素(年龄相关的生理改变、疾病等)和环境因素的多重作用的结果,老年跌倒的预防需要采取多方面综合措施。
关键词:老年;跌倒;影响因素
中图分类号:R161.7 文献标志码:A DOI:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2018.18467
引用格式:刘世友,万金豹,高金丽,等.上海市宝山区老年跌倒现况及影响因素分析[J].上海预防医学,2018,30(1):42-46.
Current situation of falls in elderly and its influential factors in Baoshan District of Shanghai LIU Shi-you1,WAN Jin-bao1,GAO Jin-li2,XU Hui-qin3(1.Disease Prevention and Control Center,Baoshan District,Shanghai 201901,China;2.Songnan Zhen Community Health Service Center,Baoshan District,Shanghai 200431,China;3.Dachang Town Health Service Center,Baishan District,Shanghai 200442,China)
Abstract: [Objective] To ascertain the situation of falls and its influential factors among older adults in Baoshan District of Shanghai,and to provide evidence for its further prevention. [Methods] By means of multiple-stage cluster sampling were selected a total of 2849 older adults from 4 neighborhood committees of two communities.They were retrospectively investigated for their falls and influential factors. [Results] The incidence of falls in elderly within the past one year was 10.28% (293/2849);Calculation by person/time was 14.15% (403/2849);The majority of falls occurred at home (45.55%).Logistic regression models showed that for female respondents(OR=1.446,95%CI:1.099-1.901),there were risk factors on the ground in their rooms(OR=1.435,95%CI:1.039-1.981),some with chronic diseases(OR=1.726,95%CI:1.130-2.637),might have had experience of falls(OR=4.325,95%CI:3.265-5.729) and needed crutches(OR=1.906,95%CI:1.346-2.697) and poor lighting within the corridor (OR=1.668,95%CI:1.042-2.669)were more likely to cause a higher risk of falls.And respondents who often participated in outdoor activities were protective factors of falls(OR=0.855,95%CI:0.755-0.967). [Conclusion] Falls in older adults result from internal factors (age-related physiological changes,disease,etc) and environmental factors,prevention of falls in elderly needs comprehensive measures.
Keywords:older adults;fall;influential factors
跌倒是老年人群伤残、失能和死亡的重要原因之一,给家庭和社会带来巨大的负担,是老年病研究的一个重要课题。有报道30%的65岁以上的老年人每年跌倒一次或多次[1],而且老年跌倒概率随年龄而递增,80岁以上的老年人跌倒的发生概率高达50%,由于大多数的跌倒并不造成死亡或严重后果,所以老年人跌倒并没有引起足够的重视。研究表明,約5%的跌倒会造成骨折,约10% 会造成脑部损伤、软组织损伤或脱臼等[2],约50%的跌倒者会产生对再次跌倒的惧怕心理,由于恐惧跌倒而避免活动的则占跌倒者的25%[3],严重减少老年人的身体活动时间和能力。……