郑婷 杨定平
[摘要] 急性肾损伤是严重脓毒症的最常见和严重的并发症之一。脓毒症急性肾损伤(SAKI)患者的发病率和死亡率居高不下。近年来,越来越多的研究表明线粒体动力学改变、自噬、氧化应激、炎性反应等机制在SAKI的形成过程中起到极其重要的作用。充分了解SAKI的发生发展机制,有助于更好地予以防治,有效降低发病率和病死率。因此,本文就SAKI的發生、发展机制作一综述。
[关键词] 脓毒症;急性肾损伤;线粒体;炎性反应;氧化应激;细胞凋亡;自噬
[中图分类号] R692 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2018)02(c)-0024-04
[Abstract] Acute kidney injury is one of the most common and serious complications of severe sepsis. And the incidence and mortality of patients with sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SAKI) remained high. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that the mechanism of mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, oxidative stress and inflammatory response plays an extremely important role in the formation of SAKI. Therefore, understanding the development mechanism of SAKI is helpful for better prevention and control, and effectively reduce morbidity and mortality. In this paper, the mechanism of occurrence and development of SAKI is reviewed.
[Key words] Sepsis; Acute kidney injury; Mitochondrial;Inflammatory response; Oxidative stress; Apoptosis; Autophagy
脓毒症是一种常见的致命性疾病,能导致宿主无法反应性控制入侵机体的微生物及其产物的活动性感染,而引起全身炎性反应综合征,进一步发展成脓毒性休克、多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)[1]。因此脓毒症成为重症监护室病房内非心脏患者死亡的主要原因[2]。肾脏作为MODS最常受累器官之一,急性肾损伤(AKI)的发生率相当高[3-4]。Angus等[5]发现来自美国七个州的192 980例严重脓毒症患者中,AKI发生率为22%,死亡率为38.2%。在其他发达国家,监护室的AKI患病率高达38.4%~39.3%,其中90 d的死亡率占13.9%~33.7%[5-6]。我国的一项多中心前瞻性研究发现纳入的1255例监护室患者中AKI发病率为31.6%,其中脓毒症急性肾损伤(SAKI)患者占44.9%,90 d病死率为41.9%[7]。Wen等[8]研究发现AKI最常见的病因是脓毒症,占总患病的47.5%。因此,如何防治脓毒症最常见并发症之一的AKI的发生发展,成为当代医疗中非常严峻的医学问题之一。
1 AKI与脓毒症
AKI是指48 h血肌酐增高≥0.3 mg/dL或者血肌酐增高≥基础值1.5倍,明确或经推断其发生在之前7 d之内;……