2009年阜新市两次冰雹天气过程多普勒天气雷达产品的对比分析

张丹梅

摘要：冰雹等强对流天气是辽宁省阜新市夏季预报和服务的重点，针对2009年发生在阜新市的两次强冰雹天气，利用常规气象资料和多普勒天气雷达资料进行对比分析。结果表明，两次过程都具有突发性强、持续时间长的特点，高低空急流配置、能量、风的垂直切变和0 ℃层等环境场条件更有利于冰雹的形成。通过雷达产品对比发现，6月29日是一次飑线过程，7月20日是一次超级单体过程，产生冰雹的风暴回波强度都达到了50 dBz以上，最强达65 dBz，径向速度图出现逆风区，成熟的低层和中层辐合、高层辐散的对流结构特征，垂直液态水含量在降雹前都有一个跃增的过程，其值大于40 kg/m2，对冰雹的监测预警和临近预报具有指示意义。

关键词：冰雹；急流；多普勒天气雷达；超级单体；飑线；阜新市

中图分类号：P458.1+21.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2018）07-0048-06

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.07.011

Comparative Analysis of Two Hail Processes Based on Doppler Weather Radar Products in Fuxin City in 2009

ZHANG Dan-mei

（Fuxin Meteorological Bureau， Fuxin 123000， Liaoning， China）

Abstract： It is crucial to well forecast severe convective weather like hail and provide better service during summer in Fuxin city，Liaoning province. Two severe hailstorms in Fuxin were compared by using conventional observation datas and doppler radar datas. The result showed that they occurred abruply，lasted longly. And the coupled upper and lower jet flows，energy condition，the vertical wind shear and the height of zero temperature conduced more to the occurrence of the hail event. The results of comparation by using doppler radar data showed that，the process on June，29th was a strong squall line process，while the process on July，20th was a typical supper-cell process. Two hail process which storm reflectivity was larger than 50 dbz，while the largest was 65 dbz，and there were an adverse wind area，as well as lower level convergence and upper level divergence. The vertically integrated liquid （VIL） value before the hail falling all had a sudden process，and the value was larger than 40 kg/m2，which had a significant indicating function on hails of monitoting and waring as well as forcassting.

Key words： hail； jet low； doppler weather radar； super cell； squall line； Fuxin city

冰雹是遼宁省阜新市夏季的主要气象灾害之一。冰雹与系统性大风、暴雨相比不仅范围小，而且持续时间短。但因来势猛、强度大，瞬间即能给农业造成较大危害。尤其是冰雹与短时暴雨、雷雨大风同时出现时，不仅危害农业、林业，而且对工业、通讯、交通等也会造成极大的危害。由于冰雹具有时空尺度小、突发性强的特点，利用常规天气资料预报具有一定的难度，因此也成为预报工作的难点。近几年随着全国新一代雷达网的建设，国内在利用新一代天气雷达产品对冰雹等强对流天气监测和分析方面的研究已经有不少成果。……