张标金 史华新 魏益华 罗林广 张祥喜 黄永忠
摘 要 提高稻米中的硒含量、增加人们膳食中的硒摄入量是我国居民的一条重要补硒途径。为发掘高富硒水稻(Oryza sativa L.)种质资源,他们收集了80个水稻品种,在江西省丰城市天然富硒土壤进行种植,对其糙米硒含量进行评价。结果表明,水稻糙米硒含量范围为0.024 9~0.142 6 mg/kg,基因型差异明显,其中‘IR19735、‘黑帅、‘乌严粳、‘黑占96、‘豫南黑籼糯等的糙米硒含量较高,可作为高富硒水稻种质资源应用于富硒水稻新品种的选育;粳稻糙米硒含量高于籼稻,但差异不显著,而有色稻米硒含量极显著高于白色稻米,因而食用富硒有色稻米可能更有利于补硒。
关键词 水稻 ;硒 ;种质资源
中图分类号 S511 文献标识码 A Doi:10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2018.02.011
Abstract It was an important way to supplement selenium (Se) in Chinese residents by increasing Se content in rice to raise Se intake in people's diet. In order to explore the high Se-rich rice germplasm resources, 80 rice varieties were collected and cultivated in the natural Se-rich soil in Fengcheng city of Jiangxi province. And Se contents in the brown rice were evaluated. The results showed that the Se content was in the range of 0.024 9~0.142 6 mg/kg, and the genotypic differences were obvious. Some germplasm resources, including 'IR19735', 'heishuai', 'wuyanjing', 'heizhan 96', 'yunanheixiannuo', exhibited high Se contents. So these rice cultivars can be used as high Se-rich rice germplasm resources for breeding new Se enriched rice varieties. Furthermore, Se content of brown rice in japonica was higher than that of indica rice, but the difference was not significant. Nevertheless, Se content of colored rice was significantly higher than that of white rice. It implied that eating colored Se-rich rice was more conducive to Se supplementation.
Keywords rice (Oryza sativa L.) ; selenium ; germplasm resource
硒(Selenium, Se)作为一种生态环境中重要的微量元素,对人体具有抗衰老、抗癌和解毒等多种作用[1-2],被世界卫生组织和中华医学会确定为二十一世纪继碘、锌后必补的第三大微量营养保健元素,但在全球居民中普遍摄入不足[3]。根据中国营养学会营养调查报告,我国成人的硒摄入量仅为26.63 μg/日,距离中国预防医学中心卫生所推荐的安全进硒量40~240 μg/人/日和美国国家科学院推荐的安全进硒量50~200 μg/人/日相差甚远。
水稻是我国主要粮食作物,利用天然富硒土壤生产富硒稻米,从饮食方面增加人体摄硒量是一种比较理想的补硒途径。前人研究认为,水稻属于非聚硒植物类型中含硒量低的作物种类,但是不同基因型水稻硒累积能力的差异非常明显,筛选和利用富硒水稻种质资源可作为提高稻米硒含量的重要途径。……