玉米氮素吸收分配规律对不同种植模式的响应

孟维伟 南镇武 高华鑫 徐杰 白雪 刘灵艳 张正

摘要：为进一步明确玉米花生宽幅间作稳粮增油模式下玉米的氮素吸收分配规律及其与单作的差异。本试验在玉米单作、玉米花生行比2∶4间作种植模式下，均设置施氮、不施氮两个处理，研究不同种植模式下玉米干物质积累、氮素积累和分配及其对产量和氮素利用效率的影响。试验结果表明，间作模式下可以显著提高净面积干物质积累量、籽粒产量以及氮肥利用效率；施氮处理增加了不同种植模式下玉米干物质积累及氮素积累，进而有效提高了氮素收获指数。在本试验条件下，玉米花生行比2∶4且玉米施纯氮300 kg/hm2是间作玉米获得高产高效的适宜栽培方式。

关键词：玉米花生间作；干物质积累；籽粒产量；氮素利用

中图分类号：S513.04文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2018）04-0059-05

Abstract The experiment was conducted under two planting patterns as maize monoculture and maize-peanut intercropping with row ration of 2∶4 to further clarify the differences of nitrogen absorption and distribution regularities. Two treatments were set with nitrogen and no nitrogen application to study the dry matter accumulation， nitrogen accumulation and distribution and their effects on yield and nitrogen use efficiency in maize under the two planting patterns. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation， grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency could be significantly improved under the intercropping pattern. The application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation under different planting patterns， and further effectively increased the nitrogen harvest index. In these experiment conditions，applying 300 kg/hm2 nitrogen in the intercropping pattern was suitable for achieving high yield and high benefit of maize.

Keywords Maize-peanut intercropping； Dry matter accumulation； Grain yield； Nitrogen utilization

我国耕地面积仅占世界耕地面积的7%，人均占有耕地面积还达不到世界平均水平的二分之一，且耕地的储备资源明显不足[1]，是较为显著的资源约束型大国。随着我国人口的持续增长，人们对粮食的需求量也随之增加，因此迫切需要提高单位面积土地资源的产出，缓解土地资源不足与粮食需求持续增长的矛盾。花生是我国重要的经济作物和油料作物，由于粮食需求量的增加和耕地面积不充裕等原因的限制，花生的种植面积连年缩减。油料作物发展面临着与粮食作物争地的窘境，但以牺牲粮食安全为代价来发展油料作物的方式方法并不可行。……