王一村 李娜 翟中华 高静静 周莉莉 许士明
摘要:随着全球食品工业的蓬勃发展,食品掺假及造假现象日趋严重,因此对相关检测技术的开发及应用需求日益迫切。数字PCR(dPCR)是近年发展起来的一种对核酸进行精确定量的全新方法,不仅能对食品源性成分进行精准定性,更重要的是可对不同来源的掺假成分进行定量分析,因此,相对于目前源性成分鉴定中广泛应用的实时荧光PCR(qPCR),它的应用前景更为广阔。本文阐述了dPCR的发展历程、特点和原理,并对dPCR发展中遇到的问题进行探讨。在此基础上就dPCR技术在食品源性成分鉴定中的原理和应用进行了综述,并就该技术在此领域的应用前景进行了展望。
关键词:数字PCR(dPCR);食品;源性成分;鉴定;应用
中图分类号:S126文献标识号:A文章编号:1001-4942(2018)04-0160-06
Abstract With the rapid development of food industry in global, the phenomenon of food adulteration and counterfeiting is being more and more serious. Thus, the development and application requirements for related detection technology are urgent. Digital PCR (dPCR) is a new developed precise quantitative method for nucleic counting in recent year. It can not only accurately determine the ingredients of food sources, but also can be used for quantitative analysis of adulterated ingredients from different sources. Therefore, compared with the real-time fluorescence PCR (qPCR), which is widely used in the source components identification at present, it has a wider application prospect. In this paper,we elaborated the development, characteristics and principles of dPCR, and probed the problems encountered during the developing process. On these bases, the principle and application of dPCR technology in the source component identification were reviewed, and its application prospect in this field was also analysed.
Keywords Digital PCR (dPCR); Food; Derived ingredient; Identification; Application
近幾年,数字PCR(dPCR)从产生到应用,得到了快速的发展。该技术可简单概括为“微化分析”:一个样品被稀释和分割至最多包含一个目标序列拷贝的百万甚至数百万独立反应室中,通过计算“阳性”反应(能够检测到的序列)与 “阴性”反应的数量,从而确定样本中DNA分子的绝对拷贝数。因此,dPCR具有广泛的应用范围,应用于医学、生物学等多个分支,如医学临床诊断方面的癌症因子检测[1-4]、病毒检测[5-7]、抗药性分析[8]、致病基因拷贝数检测[9-12]以及突变检测[13-16]等,生物学研究方面的基因表达分析[17-20]、基因型鉴定[21-23]、测序分析[24-26]、转基因成分分析[27, 28]以及微生物检测[29,30]等。
数字PCR的概念在1992年首次被提出[31],几年后,约翰霍普金斯大学的Bert Vogelstein和Ken Kinzler将之命名为“数字PCR”,并表明它可以用来量化大肠癌患者粪便中与疾病相关的基因突变。……