高校青年教师成人依恋现状研究

程程

摘 要 目的：探究高校青年教师的成人依恋现状。方法：随机抽取高校青年教师35名，采用修订版成人依恋量表测量成人依恋（包括亲近、焦虑、依赖三个维度）。根据各分量表得分将研究对象分为安全型、先占型、拒绝型和抗拒型四种依恋类型，并利用SPSS统计软件进一步探究成人依恋在性别、年龄、婚姻状况等方面的是否存在显著性差异，以及其与朋友圈好友人数、星标好友人数之间的相关关系。结果：高校青年教师的成人依恋类型以安全型为主（占62.9%），成人依恋的亲近维度得分显著高于平均水平，焦虑维度得分显著低于平均水平，依赖水平处于中立状态。21-30岁年龄组教师的成人依恋的焦虑程度显著高于31-40岁年龄组的教师。

关键词 高校教师 成人依恋 心理健康

中图分类号：G451 文献标识码：A DOI：10.16400/j.cnki.kjdks.2018.01.028

Research on the Current Situation of Young Teachers' Adult

Attachment in Colleges and Universities

CHENG Cheng

（Shanghai Technician School， Shanghai 200000）

Abstract Objective： To explore the adult attachment status of young teachers in colleges and universities. Methods： Thirty-five young college teachers were randomly selected. The adult attachment scale was used to measure adult attachment （including three dimensions： intimacy， anxiety and dependence）. According to the scores of each subscale， the subjects were divided into four types of attachment： preemptive， rejection and rejection， and SPSS statistical software was used to further explore whether there was a significant difference in gender， age and marital status among adult attachment ， As well as its relationship with friends circle friends， star friends number. Results： The type of adult attachment was predominant in young college teachers （62.9%）. The scores of close-in dimensions of adult attachment were significantly higher than the average. The scores of anxiety dimensions were significantly lower than the average， and the dependence was in a neutral state. Adults in the 21-30 age groups had significantly higher levels of anxiety than adults in the 31-40 age groups.

Keywords college teachers； adult attachment； mental health

0 研究背景

依戀最早由英国精神分析师John Bowly提出，提出背景主要基于对二战后欧洲出现的大量流连失所的孤儿、与父母分离的儿童，绝大多数都出现心理和行为适应问题的探究。Bowly认为“父母之爱的缺失”是导致这种情况的主要原因。1969年Bowly在论著中最先使用“依恋”定义母亲与孩子之间持久、亲密、深刻的情感联结，并认为其可以有效地帮助婴儿形成早期稳定的人际认知表征， 1980年Bowly将这种认知表征定义为“内部工作模型”，包含对依恋对象的判断和对自己的判断两部分，Bowly认为依恋的实质就是内部工作模型，该模型为日后的个体的人格发展、人际交往提供坚实的基础。……