马晓凡 邵蕾 孔凡克 王丽霞
摘要:通过盆栽试验探讨了保水剂在3种不同类型土壤上施用后对土壤理化性质和油菜生长的影响。结果表明:保水剂在盐碱土、风沙土、棕壤中均具有保水和保肥性能,降低了土壤容重,促进了油菜的生长,提高了产量。试验前期,施用保水剂的棕壤(Z1)土壤速效养分显著低于未施用保水剂的处理(Z0);试验中后期,施用保水剂的土壤速效养分均高于未施用保水剂的处理;与未施用保水剂处理相比,棕壤施用保水剂后油菜产量提高18.67%,显著高于盐碱土(10.23%)和风沙土(10.85%)。因此,保水剂在棕壤中的应用效果优于盐碱土和风沙土。
关键词:保水剂;土壤类型;盐碱土;风沙土;棕壤;油菜
中图分类号:S156文献标识号:A文章编号:1001-4942(2018)04-0090-04
Abstract A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of super absorbent polymer application (SAP) in different soil types on soil physicochemical properties and rape growth. The results showed that the SAP increased the capacity of water and nutrient preservation, decreased the soil bulk density, promoted the plant growth and raised the yield of rape in saline-alkali soil, aeolian sandy soil and brown soil. At the early stage of the experiment, the available nutrient in brown soil with SAP application(Z1) was significant lower compared with the treatment without SAP application(Z0). At the middle and later stages, the available nutrients in Z1 were higher than that in Z0. Compared with Z0,the rape yield of (Z1) increased by 18.67%, and was significantly higher than that in saline-alkali soil (10.23%) and sandy soil (10.85%). Therefore, the application effects of SAP in brown soil was superior to that in saline-alkali soil and sandy soil.
Keywords Super absorbent polymer; Soil type; Saline-alkali soil; Aeolian sandy soil; Brown soil; Rape
随着经济的快速发展和人口的增加,我国用水量急剧增长,水资源短缺问题日益显现;同时水污染不断加剧,水环境状况不断恶化,水资源面临着前所未有的巨大压力[1]。水资源供给能力严重制约着农业发展,对作物产量起着决定性作用[2]。我国又是一个干旱频繁发生的国家,农作物因旱受灾现象严重[3]。因此发展节水农业,提高水分有效利用率,是保证农业可持续发展的重要因素。保水剂(super absorbent polymers,简称SAP)是利用强吸水性树脂制成的具有超高吸水保水能力的高分子聚合物,这种高聚物能迅速吸收比自身重数百倍甚至上千倍的水,而且能够反复吸水、释水,增强土壤的水分保持能力,以供植物吸收和利用[4]。
在农业生产中,施肥是增产的重要措施,施用化学肥料不仅能够增加农作物的产量, 而且能够改善农产品的品质[5]。……