当前高校教学考评体系中的激励与约束机制研究

倪向丽

摘 要：当前高校普遍存着重科研而轻教学，部分教师教风不端、教学不力的问题，深层次的原因是教学考评奖惩体系设计存在一定缺陷，激励与约束机制难以发挥应有功能。以西南某高校的教学考评奖惩体系为例，分析教学考评系统存在的问题，提出：应对考评结果严格实施奖惩，提升激励与约束效能；延伸考核环节，改善反馈的及时性；丰富考评方式，标准化评分的考评与面对面交流的开放式考评相结合；提升考评指标体系与权重分配的科学性和灵活性；考评主体与受评对象专业匹配，提升评价的客观性；灵活搭建考评信息的反馈渠道与方式，力求客观、全面、及时、有效的信息传递。

关键词：教学考评；奖惩；激励；约束；反馈

中图分类号：G640 文獻标志码：A 文章编号：2096-000X（2018）03-0148-03

Abstract： At present， colleges and universities generally emphasize scientific research and light teaching， and some teaching methods are not suitable. The reason is that there are some shortcomings in the teaching assessment rewards and punishments， so it is hard for mechanism of encouragement and restraint to play its due role. Taking the teaching assessment rewards and punishments system of one university in Southwest China as an example， this paper analyzes the existing problems in the teaching evaluation system， and puts forward the following strategies： the rewards and punishments should be implemented rigorously to improve the incentive and restraint effectiveness； the assessment process should be extended to improve the timeliness of feedback； scoring evaluation and interview should be combined to enhance the evaluation index system and weight distribution of science and flexibility； assessment of the subject and the subject of professional should be matched to enhance the objectivity of evaluation； the way of evaluation information feedback should be flexible to delivery information in an objective， comprehensive， timely and effective information.

Keywords： teaching evaluation； rewards and punishments； incentives； constraints； feedback

云南日报曾经刊发过一篇题为“一封家长来信引发的思考”的文章，文中谈到某高校学生的家长至信该校党委，就个别教师不端正的教学态度引起的不良后果表示担忧，希望学校能采取措施改善教风和学风。此报到所反映的问题在高校中具有一定的典型性，引起省领导的高度重视，要求学校采取有力措施，加快推进校风、教风、学风建设。这个问题简单来看归因于个别教师职业道德与素养的欠缺，然而，笔者认为，更深层次的原因是高校在教学考评奖惩系统的设计上存在诸多问题，而最关键的问题是有考评、无奖惩，使考评达不到预期目的而流于形式。

一、目前高校教学考评系统存在的主要问题