陈会燕 白宇皓 秦一帆 张晓宇
摘 要:树莓是食药同源植物,营养丰富。本文结合山西省气候及地形特点,从栽前准备、苗木繁育、土肥水管理、采收等方面对树莓栽培技术要点进行介绍,并就山西树莓产业存在问题及发展前景进行分析,以期为山西省种植业产业结构调整和农民增收提供参考依据。
关键词:树莓;栽培;山西;前景
中图分类号:S663.2 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2018.06.017
Raspberry Cultivation and the Development Prospect of Shanxi Raspberry Industry
CHEN Huiyan, BAI Yuhao, QIN Yifan, ZHANG Xiaoyu
(Institute of Farm Product Storage and Fresh Keeping,Shanxi Academy of Agricultual Sciences,Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031,China)
Abstract:Raspberry was a food-drug homologous plant with rich nutrition. Based on the climate and topographical features of Shanxi province, the article introduced the technical points of raspberry cultivation from aspects of cultivating prepare, seedling breeding, soil and fertilizer management and harvesting, and analyzed the problems and development prospects of Shanxi raspberry industry, aiming to provide reference basis for the structural adjustment of the crop industry and increase of farmers' income in Shanxi province.
Key words:raspberry; cultivation; Shanxi; prospect
樹莓 (Rubusidaeus L.)原产于欧美,也称木莓、覆盆子、托盘、马林、悬钩子、三月泡、山莓等,是蔷薇科(Rasaceae) 悬钩子属(Rubus. L )的浆果经济型亚灌木植物,为多年生的攀援或直立状的落叶性小灌木。果实为聚合果,单果的小核果数可达90以上,色泽鲜艳,肉嫩汁多,酸甜可口,并带有淡淡的香气。
树莓具有很高的营养保健和药用价值,被誉为“第三代水果”。其根可入药,浸酒以后有养筋活血、消红退肿的功效[1];茎叶煎水,可清洗痔疮,叶捣烂,可敷恶疮等;其果实是高钾低钠果品,含有γ-蒎烯、β-蒎烯等挥发性成分51种[2],维生素含量远高于常见水果,富含黄酮、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等抗衰老物质,因树莓是花色苷的重要来源植物,其中所含有的花色苷和天然鞣花酸含量远远高于其他水果[3-4],被誉为预防癌症的“红宝石”。
欧美各国栽培树莓已有上百年的历史,而我国在20世纪80年代才开始大面积栽培。据统计,2014年树莓人工种植12 000 hm2。山西省树莓产业发展起步较晚,但发展速度很快,目前全省范围从北到南均有种植,其中以大同、阳泉地区种植面积最大,已……