耿亚会 刘强
[摘要]使用综合评分预测生存概率(Ps)在现代创伤系统中起着关键作用,所有严重创伤患者的Ps都应该被准确评估。然而,Ps评估方法在不同国家的创伤机构并不统一。德国修正的损伤严重程度分类-Ⅱ(RISC Ⅱ)和英国的Ps模型-14(Ps-14)均基于大样本的最新数据库,更适用于欧洲人群的创伤评估。经过更新修订的纠正创伤和严重损伤评分(TRISS)来源于美国国家数据库,是预测结局的全球标准,但对以钝性伤为主的创伤评估不够准确。为弥补TRISS评分不足而修定的严重创伤特征评分(ASCOT)理论上预测价值更精确。而其他的一些综合评分也有较高预测价值,现将各种综合评估方法作综述如下。
[关键词]严重创伤;生存概率;综合评分;结局预测
[中图分类号] R641 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2018)5(a)-0024-04
[Abstract]The application of comprehensive score in the probability of survival (Ps) plays a key role in the modern trauma system.Ps in all severely trauma patients should be accurately assessed.However,the method for assessing Ps is not uniform among the trauma agencies in different countries.Germany′s revised injury severity classification-Ⅱ (RISC Ⅱ) and UK′s Ps-14 are based on the latest database of large samples and are more suitable for the trauma evaluation for European population.The updated and modified trauma and injury severity score (TRISS) is derived from the United States national database,which is the global standard for predicting outcome.However,trauma assessment based on blunt trauma is not accurate enough.A severity characterization of trauma (ASCOT) which is revised to make up for the lack of TRISS scores is theoretically more accurate in the value of prediction.Other comprehensive scores also have higher predictive values.The comprehensive evaluation methods are summarized as follows.
[Key words]Severe trauma;Probability of survival;Comprehensive scores;Outcome prediction
严重创伤是指人体受到外界物理性、化学性及生物性致伤因素,导致人体多处或广泛软组织的损伤,伴有多处重要的器官损害或休克,危及生命。严重创伤的处置管理常消耗大量资源,包括大规模的复苏,广泛的影像学筛查,多重的治疗操作,长时间的ICU监护以及复杂的康复计划[1]。此外,创伤一旦发生,就会对受害者产生严重的后果。数据显示,重度创伤具有高死亡率(30%~80%)[2-3]和高致残率,并且在幸存者中还会存在持久的生理和心理问题。创伤受害者大部分是青年,事故影响了他们在社会、工作和生活中的作用,严重创伤此时转变为严重的公共卫生问题。通过提高诊疗水平和护理质量降低严重创伤患者的死亡率和致残率,已成为每一位医护人员不断追寻的目标。……