李莹莹
摘要:融资租赁行为依据《中华人民共和国物权法》规定的准不动产物权变动规则将导致所有权人和占有使用的权利人产生权利冲突,致使所有权人暴露于诸多风险中。《最高人民法院关于扣押与拍卖船舶适用法律若干问题的规定》和《内罗毕国际船舶残骸清除公约》增加了船舶所有人自物权受侵害的风险。以中美法规定为视角,分析船舶自物权与其他类型物权产生冲突的可能性和实践常发领域,建议中国法律从补充船舶租赁特殊规则、放宽用益物权变动模式的限定、尊重合同意思自治原则和鼓励商业保险参与等方面,促进和保障船舶融资租赁行业的发展。
关键词:船舶;所有权;优先权;抵押权;留置权
中图分类号:DF961.9文献标志码:A
文章编号:2096028X(2018)03006910
Conflicts of property right under vessel financial leasing
LI Yingying
(Law School, Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China)
Abstract:Owners of financial leasing are exposed to many infringement risks because of the separation of ownership and occupation of chattel under special rules of the
Property Law of the Peoples Republic of China. The Provisions of the Supreme Peoples Court on Several Issues concerning the Application of Law in the Arrest and Auction of Ships and Nairobi International Convention on the Removal of Wrecks may increase the risk of infringement of jus in re propria. This article analyzes the conflict between liens and ownership and the manifestations based on the existing rules from the perspective of China and US laws. For the purpose of the promotion and legal assurance of financial leasing in China, it is necessary to add special rules of ship, extend the limitation of transfer of usefructuary right, respect autonomy of will and encourage the participation of commercial insurance.
Key words:vessel;ownership;maritime liens;mortgage of ship;possessory lien
在金融危机和市场低迷的压力下,融资租赁成为了船舶融资的主要渠道。船舶融资租赁集金融、贸易和租赁于一体,实质是新型的信贷方式。自贸区的设立,也为船舶融资租赁行业政策和法规的发展提供了新的机遇。近两年中国政府不同层次的会议纷纷提出加快融资租赁和金融租赁行业发展的措施。例如,国务院办公厅下发的《关于加快融资租赁业发展的指导意见》和《关于促进金融租赁行业健康发展的指导意见》两份文件,提出了将中国融资租赁业市场规模和竞争水平在2020年发展至世界前列的目标。尽管从政策层面讲,这对于促进以船舶、飞机等准不动产为标的的……