廖启炓 陈恒彬 杨盛昌 叶宝鉴 邹双全
摘要: 棕櫚科植物应用广泛,对其展开原生资源调查,有助于对其进行更为合理的保护与利用。该研究经过野外调查、收集整理有关资料,确定福建原生棕榈科资源为8属10种,其中鱼尾葵(Caryota maxima)为福建分布新记录。福建省棕榈科植物呈全省分散分布,南部种类更加丰富,以漳州市为最多(有8种),其次是龙岩、福州(各有4种)。棕榈、毛鳞省藤在福建省各市均有分布,属福建省广分布种;大叶蒲葵、鱼尾葵、刺葵、变色山槟榔、白藤仅见漳州分布,属福建省狭分布种。福建原生棕榈科植物大部分生长在亚热带常绿阔叶林中、林缘、山谷水沟旁等地,人为采伐利用或生境丧失是其导致濒危主要因素,就地保护、迁地保护、加强相关科学研究等是当前主要的保护措施。
关键词: 棕榈科, 乡土植物, 资源分布, 保护, 利用
中图分类号: Q948, S324文献标识码: A文章编号: 10003142(2018)03038107
广西植物38卷3期廖启炓等: 福建棕榈科原生植物资源分布与保护收稿日期: 2017-10-11
基金项目: 福建省教育厅科技项目(JA14117); 厦门市科技项目(3502Z20154094); 福建原生棕榈植物资源与病虫害防治[厦建科(201124号)][Supported by Science Technological Program of Fujian Education Department(JA14117); Science Technological Program of Xiamen City(3502Z20154094); Fujian Native Palm Resource and Insect Prevention (201124)]。
作者简介: 廖启炓(1971-),男,福建大田人,博士研究生,研究员,从事植物资源保护、城市绿地生态系统等研究,(Email)liao_jin@263.net。
*通信作者: 邹双全,研究员,博士研究生导师,从事森林培育等研究,(Email)zou@fafu.edu.cn。Resource distribution characteristics and conservation
of native Palmaceae species in Fujian Province
LIAO Qiliao1,2, CHEN Hengbin3, YANG Shengchang4, YE Baojian1, ZOU Shuangquan1*
( 1. College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; 2. Xiamen Greening Administration Center,
Xiamen 361004, Fujian, China; 3. Xiamen Botany Garden, Xiamen 361004, Fujian, China; 4. Environment and
Ecological College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China )
Abstract: To study the native species of Plamaceae family, one of widly applied families in the world, native species resource distribution was carried out, which is helpful to make a more reasonable and scientific strategy to protect and use the palm resource. Based on the field survey and statics collection, ten native species belonging to eight genera were found for this family and Caryota maxima were suggested to be a newly recorded species in Fujian. Palm tree distributed separately in Fujian Province, with more abundant species in its southern part. Zhangzhou City has eight species ranking the first, Fuzhou and Longyan cities have four species respectively among nine cities. Trachycarpus fortune and Calamus thysanolepis were recorded in the nine cities suggesting they are cosmopolitan species while Livistona saribus, Caryota ochlandra, Phoenix canariensis, Pinanga discolor, Calamus tetradactylus were only found in Zhangzhou City indicating that they are stenotopic species. Native palm tree is located in the subtropical evergreen board forest, forest edge or shrub, along the brook in Fujian. Artificial harvest and living environment destruction were the main reasons for them to become endangered. Suggestions for the main protecting approaches are conservation in situ or ex situ and strengthen science research on Palmaceae.
Key words: Palmaceae, native species, resource distribution, conservation, application
棕榈科植物约有183属2 450种,分布于非洲、美洲、亚洲的热带及亚热带地区、马达加斯加和太平洋地区(黄威廉,2012)。中国是棕榈科植物在亚洲分布的北缘,地跨热带、亚热带和温带地区,有较丰富的棕榈科植物种类,初步确定有18属117种,其中报道福建有6属9种(廖启炓等,2012)。……