沈婷婷 高慧
[摘要]精准医学是新世纪医学发展的重要方向,而3D生物打印技术得益于转化医学的兴起和迅速发展,通过个性化、定制化的生产在临床实践中挽救了许多人的生命。3D生物打印技术在医学领域的广泛应用已远远超出了我们的想象,如今在皮肤科及相关领域也倍受关注。本文将重点阐述3D生物打印技术的原理和其在皮肤血管、干细胞、细胞外基质等方面的演变,以及在皮肤病模型方面的潜在临床应用,并探讨其目前的局限性和未来的研究方向。
[关键词]3D皮肤生物打印;皮肤病学;演变;临床应用
[中图分类号]R785 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2018)06-0155-03
Abstract: Accurate medicine is the important direction of medical development in the new century, and thanks to the rise and rapid development of translational medicine 3D-biological-printing has saved many lives in clinical practice through personalized and customized production.3D-biological-printing technology in the wide range of application in the field of medicine has gone far beyond our imagination, now it has also gained considerable attention in dermatology and other related fields. This article will focus on the principle of 3D-biological-printing,and its technological breakthroughs in skin blood vessels,stem cells and extracellular matrix as well as its potential clinical application in skin-disease-related model. At last, I will discuss its current limitation and research direction in the future.
Key words: 3D skin bio-printing; dermatology; evolution; clinical application
皮膚是人体最大的器官,它覆盖于人体表面,具有屏障、吸收、感觉、分泌和排泄、体温调节和免疫等多种功能,对保护体内环境的稳定十分重要。皮肤的这些作用在中毒性表皮松解症、大面积的慢性皮肤溃疡、严重烧伤以及巨大皮肤肿瘤患者身上显得尤为重要。一方面,由于自体/异体皮肤移植的来源和应用常常受限;另一方面,目前应用较多的组织工程皮肤又缺乏表皮或者真皮成分的支持,移植后很容易出现感染和瘢痕挛缩等并发症[1],并没有实现真正意义上的恢复皮肤完整功能。因此,积极寻找理想的生物皮肤替代品还在不断探索中。3D打印技术在制作医学模型、骨替代品、个性化假肢及假体方面已相当成熟,但是在皮肤科及相关领域的应用还处于起步阶段,本文就其在皮肤科的应用现状综述如下。……