何琼 安帅 李琦

摘要:煤矿区经过长期开采后会形成局部区域塌陷,既造成了城市环境的破坏,又给城市建设带来重大安全隐患,积极促进采煤塌陷区发展转型,实现由资源型发展向绿色发展的转变势在必然。唐山南湖采煤塌陷区既有国内其他采煤塌陷区的共性,也在自然条件和地质情况上具有特性,本文以唐山南湖采煤塌陷区为例,从南湖生态城的历史演变、发展现状和转型机制等方面进行了研究,为河北乃至全国其他地区采煤塌陷区的治理和开发提供了可行的参考依据。
Abstract: After a long time exploitation of coal mine,the coal mining districts are led to partial collapse,which not only does harm to urban environment,but also brings major hidden security risks to urban construction. Therefore,it is imperative to actively promote coal mining subsidence region development by the transformation from resource-oriented development to green development. Tangshan South lake coal mining subsidence region has some commonalities with other domestic coal mining subsidence areas,while it has own characteristics in natural and geological conditions. This dissertation which provides a feasible reference for the harness and development of coal mining subsidence areas in Hebei even other regions of China takes Tangshan South lake coal mining subsidence region as an example, and carries on study from the South lake ecological area's historical evolution,current situation and transformation mechanism.
關键词:绿色发展;采煤塌陷区;南湖生态城;转型机制
Key words: green development;coal mining subsidence area;the South lake ecological area;transformation mechanism
中图分类号:TD88 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-4311(2018)27-0071-03
0 引言
当前我国正在加快转变发展方式,积极促进资源型发展向可持续、绿色发展转变。作为煤炭工业发展的产物,采煤塌陷区不仅污染城市环境,还阻碍城市的发展进程。唐山南湖采煤塌陷区作为河北乃至全国采煤塌陷区的一个典型代表,需要结合当地自然条件和地质情况进行改造治理,探索塌陷区治理方案,实现绿色发展。
1 南湖生态城的历史演变
唐山是中国近代工业的摇篮,是沿海重工业城市,煤炭业是推动其发展的重要因素。1878年,开平矿务局成立,被称为中国煤炭工业的源头,现有矿区总面积约670平方千米,是全国最大的炼焦煤生产企业。开滦矿区已开采130多年,造成地表沉陷面积约200平方千米,每年的沉陷区还将增加约1.3平方千米。百余年的开采活动和工业生产使城市生态环境遭到极大破坏,大量的煤田被采空致使地表塌陷,形成了许多采煤塌陷区,紧邻市中心的南湖塌陷区,总面积约29平方千米,在全市采煤塌陷区中具有代表性和特殊性。……