丁文超 赵欣 王凯
摘要 利用1951—2016年临沂市年均降水量数据,采用数理统计和Morlet小波分析方法,研究了临沂市降水变化多时间尺度的周期性变化规律,并对临沂市未来降水量变化趋势进行了预测。结果表明,1951—2016年临沂市年均降水量最低值为529.5 mm,最高值为1 415.6 mm,平均值为864.3 mm,中位数为846.5 mm,符合正态分布;临沂市年均降水量在15年、28年、40年左右周期震荡剧烈,有明显的规律;降水偏少的趋势将结束,未来几年降水量将逐渐偏多;40年时间尺度的小波系数的模方值和方差系数最大,能量最强、周期最显著,为降水量变化的第1主周期。
关键词 降水量;数理统计;小波分析;变化特征;山东临沂;1951—2016年
中图分类号 S161.6 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739(2018)10-0205-02
Analysis on Precipitation Change Characteristics in Linyi City from 1951 to 2016
DING Wen-chao 1 ZHAO Xin 1 WANG Kai 2 XU Zhi-hui 1 ZHANG Ying 1 WU Di 1 WANG Chang-wen 1 *
(1 College of Resources and Environment,Linyi University,Linyi Shandong 276000; 2 Linyi Meteorological Bureau)
Abstract Based on the annual average precipitation data in Linyi City from 1951 to 2016,the mathematical statistics and Morlet wavelet analysis method were used to study the periodic change pattern of precipitation with multiple time scales,and forecast the precipitation trend in the future of Linyi City.The results of average annual precipitation from 1951 to 2016 in Linyi City was as follows:the lowest value was 529.5 mm,the maximum value was 1 415.6 mm,the average value was 864.3 mm,the median value was 846.5 mm,which conformed to the normal distribution. The average annual precipitation in Linyi City vibrated in the period of 15 years,28 years,40 years,having obvious regularity. The trend of less precipitation will be end and there will be more precipitation in the next few years. Modulus of wavelet coefficient and variance coefficient of 40 years scale were maximum,which had strongest energy and the most obvious cycle,and became the first main precipitation period.
Key words precipitation;mathematical statistics;wavelet analysis;change characteristic;Linyi Shandong;1951- 2016
Morlet提出的小波分析具有良好的時域、频域多分辨分析能力,逐渐地被应用于各领域,且取得了较好的效果。近年来,在降水量的时间序列中引入小波分析,在对研究降水量的规律性变化方面取得了卓有成效的进展[1-2]。刘忠阳等[3]利用Morlet小波分析方法对郑州市近54年降水的小波变化特征进了分析;邱海军等[4]利用小波分析对近60年来中国洪涝灾情变化趋势持续性和周期性进行了研究;杨 义等[5]以甘肃省白银市近50年气候变化为例,采用Mann-Kendall法和小波分析研究了中小尺度多年气候变化特征。
临沂市属温带季风区大陆性气候,降水主要集中在夏季。农业生产仍以大气降水为主,尤其北部沂蒙山区,对降水的蓄积成为农业灌溉的主要方式。此外,全球气候变暖对临沂区域气象条件、水资源、农业生产和生态环境产生深刻的影响。……