杨普云 王凯 厉建萌 李文星 尹俊梅
摘要
本文从历史、农民和市场等三个维度分析了我国农药过量使用产生的原因,指出农药减量控害的必要性和重要意义,分析了农药减量控害的可行性, 提出了“底线思维、系统思维、创新思维”工作思路以及通过替代化学防控、调整优化农药产品结构、集成绿色防控技术、转变防控方式、构建农产品优质优价机制等路径实施农药减量控害的建议。
关键词
农药; 减量控害; 绿色发展
中图分类号:
S 481
文献标识码: A
DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2018276
Promoting green agricultural development through eliminating pesticide
overuses in crop pest management
YANG Puyun WANG Kai LI Jianmeng3, LI Wenxing4, YIN Junmei5
(1. National Agro-technical Extension and Service Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China;
2.China Agricultural Press, Beijing 100125, China; 3.Department of Seed Management, Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100026, China; 4.Department of Crop Management, Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100026, China; 5. Institute of Tropical Crop Species Resources,
Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture, Danzhou 571700, China)
Abstract
The development of pesticide overuses in crop pest management in China was analyzed from historical, farmer and market perspectives, and the need and importance for eliminating pesticide overuses in crop pest management and the feasibility were described. Strategic thoughts of baseline setting-up, systematic management and innovations for eliminating pesticide overuses, and implementing approaches for substituting chemical control, adjusting and improving product structure of pesticides, integrative applications of green crop pest management technologies, changing crop pest management schemes and establishing price premium systems for rewarding ecological agricultural products were put forward.
Key words
pesticide; eliminating pesticide overuses in crop pest management; green development
农药是重要的农业生产资料,农药的使用对提高农作物产量、确保农业生产安全、保障粮食安全发挥了重要的作用。农药的特殊性在于其使用带来了突出的负外部效应[1],如农药残留影响农产品质量安全,生产使用农药造成人身健康损害,使用农药造成天敌种群和农田自然生态被破坏、生物多样性降低、土壤和地下水被污染等一系列人类健康、环境和社会问题,给农产品质量安全、生态环境安全和农业可持续发展带来巨大障碍[2-6]。在习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的指导下,农药的使用和监管必须践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”的可持续发展理念,围绕实施生态文明建设、乡村振兴战略和质量兴农战略,探索我国农药减量控害实施路径,助力农业绿色发展。
1 农药减量控害的必要性与重要意义
农药减量控害与我国现阶段实施的乡村振兴战略的总要求所包含的农业生产安全、农产品质量安全、农业生态环境安全、人类健康安全密切相关,实施农药减量控害意义重大。……