孙超 刘月婵 王博 蒋永清
摘要:高校教学楼人员密集,火灾载荷大,是重点的消防安全管理场所。为研究该类建筑物的消防安全特性,联合使用火灾动态模拟软件Pyrosim和人员疏散模拟软件Pathfinder,开展了火灾蔓延和发展规律以及人员紧急疏散情况的数值模拟研究。建立模型对典型教学楼火灾及人员疏散情况进行全尺寸数值模拟分析。根据仿真实验所得结果和数据,分析了教学楼发生火灾不同时刻火势蔓延情况,烟气扩散情况,有毒气体浓度、温度分布和能见度的变化规律以及人员紧急疏散情况。研究结果可为类似建筑物消防安全设计提供参考性依据,有针对性地设定消防应急预案,对现场消防工作具有一定的指导作用。
关键词:
火灾特性分析;人员疏散分析;数值模拟;Pyrosim;Pathfinder
DOI:10.15938/j.jhust.2018.05.018
中图分类号: TP3919
文献标志码: A
文章编号: 1007-2683(2018)05-0106-07
Numerical Simulation of Fire Spread and Evacuation for Teaching Building
SUN Chao1,2,LIU Yuechan1,WANG Bo1,JIANG Yongqing1
(1School of MeasurementControl Technology and Communication Engineering, Department of safety Engineering,Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080,China; 2Power Engineering and Engineering Thermal Physics Postdoctoral Research Station,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150080,China)
Abstract:University teaching building is the focus of the fire safety management with staff density fire load In order to study the fire safety characteristics of this kind of buildings, the fire dynamic simulation software Pyrosim and the personnel evacuation simulation software Pathfinder were used to study the law of fire spread and development and the emergency evacuation The model was established to simulate and analyze the fire and evacuation of typical teaching building by full size numerical simulation According to the simulation results and data, the paper analyzes the fire spread, smoke diffusion, toxic gas concentration, temperature distribution and visibility change in different time of the fire in the teaching building, and the emergency evacuation situation The results show that the model can effectively carry out the fire analysis of teaching building, which can provide the reference basis for the fire safety design of similar buildings, and has a certain guiding role in the fire emergency planning and on site fire prevention
Keywords:fire characteristics analysis; evacuation analysis; numerical simulation; Pyrosim; Pathfinder
0引言
高校教學楼人流密度大,人员密集,且室内可燃物较多,包括易燃易爆的设备和材料,火灾载荷较大,增加了发生火灾的概率。一旦发生火灾事故,人员伤亡和财产损失极为严重。一般而言,教学楼内火灾危险源有以下几个方面:1)使用充电宝,手机充电器或违规电器等意外引发的火灾。2)吸烟后处理不当引发火灾。3)教学楼内部电路老化造成的电器火花火灾。目前对于火灾特性的主要研究方法是通过实验研究[1-2]和计算机模拟研究[3-11]。
上世纪60年代,日本的川越邦雄对单个房间稳态燃烧进行了分析并提出了一种简化的单层区域数学模型[12];……