环介导等温扩增法快速检测白血病患者AML-ETO表达的应用研究

2019-04-30 09:03朱洪静李扬孙王男姜国胜周飞姜红
健康必读·下旬刊 2019年4期
关键词:白血病

朱洪静 李扬 孙王男 姜国胜 周飞 姜红

【摘 要】目的:在建立环介导等温扩增LAMP法检测M2型急性髓系白血病AML1-ETO融合基因,为临床提供检测微小残留病(MRD)方法。方法:设计多组引物,筛选并建立LAMP法。同时,将外引物F3、B3作为PCR引物用于PCR方法,比较分析LAMP方法的特异性和敏感性。进行M2型白血病病例微小残留病的检测和验证。结果:与传统PCR检测方法比较,LAMP法检测AML1-ETO融合基因可以在特殊的等温环境中短期实现,敏感度达到0.002 ng/μl,高于传统PCR方法。具有快速判断结果的特点。具有较高的临床吻合性、特异性和敏感性。结论:LAMP可以成为传统RT-PCR和荧光定量PCR的替代方法。

【关键词】白血病;微小残留病;环介导等温扩增方法;融合基因

Abstract Objective: To establish a loop-mediated isothermal amplification of LAMP for detection of AML1-ETO fusion gene and to perform rapid detection of minimal residual disease in AML M2 patients.Methods: Log into the NCBI online software to design multiple sets of LAMP primers and design the PCR primers required for the validation phase. According to the reaction time and specificity, the reaction progress and results of different LAMP primer sets were detected and screened. According to the same nucleic acid sequence, PCR primers were designed to detect the gene expression, and the naked eye was observed for the positivity of the amplification results according to the color change of the reaction solution. At the same time, the external primers F3 and B3 were used as PCR primers for the comparison of the LAMP method and the PCR method to analyze the specificity and sensitivity of the LAMP method. Some clinical cases were selected for the corresponding inspection and analysis of minimal residual disease.RESULTS: The temperature of the AML1-ETO fusion gene was not changed by the LAMP assay. The whole process of the denaturation step could be completed in a short time under isothermal conditions. The amplified product could be detected or the amplification reaction could be judged. The LAMP method does not require special reagents, and the amplification does not require changing the reaction temperature to quickly determine the characteristics of the results. It has a high agreement with the traditional PCR detection method.Conclusion: The detection of AML1-ETO fusion gene by LAMP method has high specificity and sensitivity. It is an alternative method to traditional RT-PCR and fluorescence quantitative PCR.

Key words: leukemia; minimal residual disease; loop-mediated isothermal amplification; AML1-ETO fusion gene.

【中图分类号】 R387.22

【文献标识码】 A【文章编号】 1672-3783(2019)04-03-077-01

前言

多数研究结果表明,这种白血病复发的原因和微小残留病(minimal  residual disease MRD)有关[1-3]。临床常用的AML的MRD检测技术主要包括染色体分析、FISH技术、聚合酶链式反应、数字化PCR\\多参数流式细胞术和二代测序等,但是多数步骤繁琐,并各自存在不同的缺点。如RT-PCR或者RQ-PCR等PCR方法,检测步骤多,需要时间长,实验條件要求高。因此,需要发掘新的快速、准确、敏感和稳定的检测方法。LAMP法是“环介导等温扩增技术(Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification, LAMP),是一种“简便、快速、准确”的基因扩增方法。本研究采用LAMP法检测AML1-ETO融合基因,具有较高的特异性、敏感性。

1 材料与方法

1.1 主要材料:RPMI Medium 1640购自Hyclone公司,血清购自美国Gibco公司。细胞株来源:K562细胞、NB4细胞、kasumi-1细胞、HL-60细胞购自中国科学院上海细胞库。引物:由博尚公司合成。

1.2 RT-PCR检测细胞中目的基因的表达:首先将外引物F3、B3作为PCR引物,采用实验室常规PCR方法检测细胞中AML1/ETO基因的表达。

1.3 LAMP引物设计与筛选:登录NCBI查阅目的基因的保守基因序列,设计多组LAMP引物,并设计验证阶段所需的PCR引物。优化扩增条件,LAMP检测方法。检测特异性、敏感性和稳定性。

1.4 临床样本检测:用建立的LAMP检测方法检测15份临床样本,与PCR法进行对比,比较阳性率、临床符合率、操作时间、操作便捷度,进一步验证本方法的先进性和临床可应用性。

2 结果

2.1 LAMP方法的建立及引物筛选:扩增条件为60-65℃恒温反应1 h;LA-320C实时浊度仪中扩增条件为:63℃恒温反应1 h。反应结束后,取出离心管,裸眼观察结果。若管中液体变为绿色,則为阳性,若为橙色则为阴性(如图1)。

2.2 敏感性:LAMP检测:0.002-2000 ng/μl的样本RNA,0.002-2000 ng/μl的样本均为阳性,反应结束后均变为绿色,0.0002 ng/μl的样本为阴性。表明LAMP方法对AML1/ETO基因的检测下限为0.002 ng/μl。以F3、B3为引物,对以上样本进行PCR扩增。结果显示样本PCR方法对AML1/ETO基因的检测下限为0.02 ng/μl 。说明LAMP方法比PCR方法的灵敏度高10倍。

2.3临床样本检测:选择正常人血液15例、RT-PCR阳性的AML-M2型患者血液15例,进行LAMP扩增。来自15例M2患者为阳性结果,正确率100%,表明本试剂盒特异性很好。

3 讨论

随着对白血病发病机制的深入研究及治疗方案的改进,白血病的诊治水平不断提高,但仍有部分患者最终复发,甚至导致死亡[3]。复发的主要原因是存在微小残留病(MRD)。本研究利用LAMP检测白血病患者常见的AML1/ETO融合基因,拟建立白血病微小残留病快速检测方法。结果表明我们建立的LAMP检测方法的敏感度达到0.002ng/μl,而传统PCR方法的敏感性为0.02ng/μl。该检测方法在临床病例检测中也得到了进一步验证,是临床急需发展的快速MRD检测方法。

参考文献

[1]Rai K.R., Holland J.F., Glidewell O.J., Weinberg V., Brunner K., Obrecht J.P., Preisler H.D., Nawabi I.W., Prager D., Carey R.W., et al. Treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia: A study by cancer and leukemia group B. Blood. 1981;58:1203–1212.

[2]Fernandez H.F., Sun Z., Yao X., Litzow M.R., Luger S.M., Paietta E.M., Racevskis J., Dewald G.W., Ketterling R.P., Bennett J.M., et al. Anthracycline dose intensification in acute myeloid leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 2009;361:1249–1259.

[3]Estey E.H. Acute myeloid leukemia: 2014 Update on risk-stratification and management. Am. J. Hematol. 2014;89:1063–1081.

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