紫苏籽油超声提取工艺及其理化性质的研究

李占君　高金辉　郭兴　祖元刚　杨逢建

摘 要：为研究紫苏籽油超声提取工艺及其理化性质，采用超声提取工艺，应用RSM设计方法对实验影响因素进行评价，通过二次多项式模型对超声提取工艺予以优化，并对所得油脂进行理化性质分析。实验结果得出，提取溶剂为无水乙醇，预浸提30 min，超声时间 40 min，温度40 ℃，超声功率100 W，液料比 11∶1 ml/g， 紫苏籽油实际提取率为46.83% 与预期理论值46.93% 吻合度较好。理化性质研究可知：该种紫苏籽油比重为0.912 5 g/ml，酸值为2.859 mg/g，碘值为0.197 6 mg/g，皂化值KOH为190.7 mg/g，折光值为190.7（n20），颜色褐黄色，含油率为49.31%。结论： 响应面能够较好的模拟和预测超声提取紫苏籽油工艺。

关键词：紫苏籽油;超声提取;响应面优化;最佳工艺参数：理化性质

中图分类号：TQ654.2;TS205.4 文献标识码：A   文章编号：1006-8023（2019）04-0076-06

Research on the Ultrasonic Extraction Process and Physicochemical

Properties of Perilla Seed Oil

LI Zhanjun1，2， GAO Jinhui1， GUO Xing1， ZU Yuangang2， YANG Fengjian2*

（1.Heilongjiang Province Yichun Academy of Forestry， Yichun 153000;

2.Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology， Ministry of Education， Northeast Forestry University， Harbin 150040）

Abstract：In order to research the ultrasonic extraction process and physicochemical properties of perilla seed oil， ultrasonic extraction technology was applied; RSM design method was used to evaluate the experimental factors. The correlation analysis of mathematical-regression models indicated that quadratic polynomial model could be employed to optimize the ultrasonic extraction， and the physicochemical properties were analyzed. The experimental results showed that absolute alcohol was used as the extraction solvent， ultrasonic pre-invasion treatment time was 30 min， ultrasonic time was 40 min， temperature was 40 ℃， ultrasonic power was 100 W， and liquid-solid ratio was 11∶1 ml/g. The actual yield was 46.83%， which well matched with the predicted value of 46.93%. The physicochemical properties analysis showed that， the density was 0.9125 g/ml， acid value was 2.859 mg/g， iodine value was 0.1976 mg/g， saponification value was 190.7 mg/g， refractive index was 190.7（n20）， color was brown yellow， oil content was 49.31%. Conclusion： the results showed that the method of response surface optimization could simulate and predict the extraction of oil from perilla seed assisted with ultrasonic well.

Keywords：Perilla seed oil; ultrasonic extraction; response surface optimization; optimum parameters; physicochemical properties

0 引言

紫蘇Perilla frutescens（L.） Britt.，亦称赤苏、红紫苏、红苏，为唇形科苏属，一年生草本植物[1-3]。紫苏作为经济作物在我国具有2 000多年的种植栽培历史，具有食用价值、药用价值，紫苏籽含油率可达到46%以上，不饱和性脂肪酸和α-亚麻酸含量分别可达到总脂肪酸含量90 %、64.41%，维生素E总含量为500.9 mg /kg，其醇溶性物质包括：紫苏醛、紫苏醇、丁香酚、总黄酮、多酚，是一种高营养、高功能性天然植物油[4-5]。

现阶段紫苏籽油在食药领域具有广泛的应用[6-7]。与传统提取方式相比，超声提取具有高强度、高频率、短时性、低能耗、低温性和高效性等优点，广泛应用于动植物活性资源物质的分离纯化方面的研究[9-10]。

实验过程中应用响应面法对超声提取紫苏籽油工艺参数予以优化，针对紫苏籽油理化性质进行系统性的研究与分析，为紫苏籽油食、药性的综合研究与开发提供了理论数据上的参考。……