不同粉煤灰陶粒在水处理中去污机制研究

曹世玮　荆肇乾　王祝来　黄新

摘 要：不同成分的粉煤灰陶粒作为污水生物处理中的基质时对水处理效能的影响不同。本研究以回用水水质指标为标准，针对某河流重污染河水水质，设计生物生态组合工艺，针对不同的阶段工艺要求，选择不同成分的陶粒作为基质填料，开展中试试验。在工艺运行稳定后，分析陶粒的生物相组成和化学元素变化，研究陶粒吸附磷形态构成，探讨粉煤灰陶粒对水中特征污染物的去除机制。研究结果表明：复合生物滤池中设置比表面积大和孔隙率高的高碳粉煤灰陶粒，其好氧段区域的优势菌种是好氧异氧菌和硝化菌，缺氧段区域内的优势菌种是反硝化细菌，表明该类型粉煤灰陶粒具有良好的挂膜性能。在以生态景观及强化磷去除功能的后段人工湿地中配置高钙粉煤灰陶粒，其物理吸附和化学沉淀作用表现了良好的磷去除性能，吸附的磷主要以Ca-P的形式存在，其次是Fe-P，有机磷的含量最少。从而验证了针对不同的工艺特点选择不同成分的粉煤灰陶粒能有效提升水处理的效果。

关键词：粉煤灰陶粒成分;复合生物滤池;人工湿地;污水处理;去污机制

中图分类号：TQ536.4;X522;X773  文献标识码：A  文章编号：1006-8023（2019）04-0097-08

Decontamination Mechanism Research of Different Fly Ash Ceramsite

in Sewage Treatment

CAO Shiwei， JING Zhaoqian， WANG Zhulai， HUANG Xin

（College of Civil Engineering， Nanjing Forestry University， Nanjing 210037）

Abstract：Various fly ash ceramsites perform different for the wastewater treatment efficiency when they are applied to be a substrate. In this research， biological-ecological combination process with two kinds fly ash ceramsites as substrates were designed to treat the polluted river for the aim of wastewater recycling standard. The biological phase characteristic and the changes of chemical elements in the ceramsite particles were analyzed. The phosphorus morphological composition of the ceramsite particles were studied to explore the decontamination mechanism of characteristic pollutants. The results showed that in the biofilter ，which was filled by ceramsite with lager specific surface area and high porosity， the dominant bacteria in the upper region were aerobic bacteria and nitrifying bacteria， while the dominant bacteria in the lower region were denitrifying bacteria， which indicate that this type of fly ash ceramsite had a good file-forming performance. While ceramsite with more calcium content was applied to the constructed wetland followed the biofilter to strengthen the phosphorus removal， good performance had been achieved by physical adsorption and chemical deposition. Phosphorus adsorbed in the ceramsite mainly existed as the form of Ca-P and Fe - P， the content of organic phosphorus was minimum. The results showed that the efficiency of water treatment can be effectively improved by selecting appropriate components ceramsite as substrates according to different technological characteristics.

Keywords：Fly ash ceramsites; composite biofilter; constructed wetland; sewage treatment; decontamination mechanism

0 引言

粉煤灰陶粒是一種廉价的吸附剂，作为基质已广泛用于处理城市污水、雨水、工业废水、含重金属离子和含PO43-污水处理的构筑物中[1-4]。相关研究表明粉煤灰陶粒的成分是影响水处理效能的重要因素，不同的污水处理工艺在处理不同性质的污水时或具有不同处理目标时需要不同性能的粉煤灰陶粒[5-6]。……