张明军 陈灵芝
摘 要:彝族族系系属氐羌系,语言系属藏缅语族。彝族祭祀文化与历史文化密切相关,自始至终与体育活动紧密相连,进而形成了今天异彩纷呈的传统体育项目。本文通过对彝族祭祀与传统体育历史文化的关系分析,探寻彝族祭祀活动中传统体育的历史源流,具体从彝族祭祀节日“火把节”、彝族图腾崇拜、彝族祭祀相关农耕文化、彝族祭祖及生活相关祭祀活动几个方面分析彝族祭祀与民族传统體育的传承与发展,从而为彝族相关传统体育传承和发展提供建议和参考。
关键词:彝族祭祀 彝族传统体育 传承 发展
中图分类号:G80 文献标识码:A 文章编号:2095-2813(2019)03(c)-0218-03
Abstract: The Yi family belongs to the Di Qiang family and the language family belongs to the Tibetan-Burmese language family. The Yi people's sacrificial culture is closely related to the history and culture, and is closely related to the sports activities from beginning to the end, thus forming today's splendid traditional sports. This article through to analyse the Yi nationality and the relationship between the sacrifice and the history and culture of traditional sports,and the historical origin of traditional sports in Yi sacrificial activities is explored. The relationship between Yi sacrifice and the inheritance and development of traditional sports is analyzed from the aspects of Yi sacrificial Festival "Torch Festival", "Yi totem worship", "Yi sacrificial related farming culture", "Yi sacrificial ancestors" and life-related sacrificial activities. Therefore, it can provide suggestions and references for the inheritance and development of traditional sports related to the Yi nationality.
Key Words: Yi sacrifice; Yi traditional sports; Inheritance; Development
1 彝族祭祀与彝族传统体育历史文化的关系分析
在中国历史中,祭祀在历史的发展过程中与舞蹈、体育紧密相连,与逐渐形成的中国传统节日端午节、中秋节等也密不可分,在发展过程中形成了诸多传统体育项目,如赛龙舟纪念屈原,二月二龙抬头舞龙活动。彝族也不例外,彝族族系系属氐羌系,语言系属藏缅语族,在中国历史中,其祖先历经不同的历史时代发展成为今天的彝族,其中主要时期当为秦汉、魏晋南北朝、隋唐、宋元、明清以及近现当代等不同时期。在漫长的历史过程当中,彝族通过与其它不同民族的融合与发展,经历战争,生产生活,形成本民族的独有的传统文化,有着本民族的价值观、宗教、祭祀等不同文化,彝族祭祀文化与历史文化密切相关,自始至终与体育活动紧密相连,进而形成了今天异彩纷呈的传统体育项目。……