综合物探方法在煤矿井下水害防治的应用

姚蔚

摘 要：贵州某煤矿矿床C15煤层是以直接顶板充水为主，含水层富水区域会对工作面的回采产生较大的影响。煤层底板为水文地质条件复杂的茅口灰岩，存在底板突水的威胁，为安全开采C15煤层，减少煤层带压开采导致突水事故，因此回采前有必要对某工作面顶、底板（尤其是底板）水文地质情况进行有效探查。本文采用综合物探方法对某矿工作面顶板和底板的水文地质条件进行探查，其中矿井高分辨电测深技术主要用来探查巷道底板的不良地质体；音频电透视技术主要用于探查煤层工作面内部及顶板的不良地质体。在某矿井下防治水的应用效果表明，综合物探方法在煤矿井下防治水勘探中效果良好，值得推广。

关键词：井下综合电法 煤矿防治水 电测深技术 音频电透视技术

中图分类号：TD745 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1674-098X（2019）04（c）-0046-05

Abstract： The C15 coal seam of a coal mine in guizhou province is mainly filled with water directly on the roof. The coal seam floor is maokou limestone with complex hydrogeological conditions， and there is a threat of water inrush from the floor. In order to safely mine C15 coal seam and reduce water inrush accidents caused by coal seam pressure mining， it is necessary to effectively explore the hydrogeological conditions of the roof and floor （especially the floor） of a certain working face before mining. In this paper， the hydrogeological conditions of the roof and floor of a mining face are explored by using the comprehensive geophysical exploration method， in which the high resolution electrical sounding technology is mainly used to detect the unfavorable geological body of the roadway floor. Audio frequency electric fluoroscopy technology is mainly used to detect bad geological bodies in the coal seam working face and roof. The application of comprehensive geophysical prospecting method to water prevention and control in a mine indicates that it is effective and worth popularizing.

Key Words： Underground integrated electrical method；Prevention and Control of Water in Coal Mines；Electrical sounding technology；Audio frequency electric fluoroscopy technology

貴州某煤矿C15煤层底板大部分区域处于茅口灰岩带压区范围。当存在隐伏构造（断层或陷落住）以及薄弱带时，造成有效隔水层厚度变小，根据实际掘进资料显示，在巷道掘进过程中确有轻微底鼓现象发生。前期已对工作面两顺槽及切眼开展超前探测，根据掌握的资料来看，工作面底板局部区域有起伏，在起伏区域多存在煤岩层裂隙较为发育情况，部分区域有滴淋水现象。考虑到顶板砂岩，尤其是底板灰岩岩溶对回采影响较大，因此回采前有必要对工作面顶底板（尤其是底板）水文地质情况进行有效探查，为工作面回采过程中防治水技术措施的合理实施提供参考依据。……