詹杰 李振武 邓素芳 应朝阳



摘 要 针对福建丘陵山地茶园普遍面临的土壤退化,季节性干旱严重、生态组分简单、生态环境恶化等生态问题,结合目前茶园管理模式,以常规清耕茶园(定期锄草)为对照,研究行间套种豆科绿肥闽引圆叶决明(Chamaecrista rotundifolia ‘minyin)对茶园温湿度、土壤理化性状、茶树生长等的影响。结果表明:与清耕茶园相比,套种圆叶决明显著提高茶园土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷含量(P<0.05),其中土壤速效氮含量增加57.78 mg/kg;在夏季高温干旱时期,套种圆叶决明茶园土壤含水量(0~20 cm土层)显著提高(P<0.05),达21.84%,空气温度日变化幅度降低5.1 ℃,空气湿度日均值显著提高3.9%;同时显著提高夏茶氨基酸及茶水浸出物含量(P<0.05)。茶园套种圆叶决明能有效改善茶园土壤质量及光、温、湿等小气候条件,表明该品种是一种适宜山地茶园推广利用的优良绿肥。
关键词 茶园;圆叶决明;套种;武夷岩茶;品质;产量;绿肥
中图分类号 S571.1 文献标识码 A
Abstract In view of the widespread soil degradation, severe seasonal drought, simple ecological composition, and deterioration of the ecological environment in tea gardens in the hilly and mountainous areas of Fujian Province, combined with the current management model of tea gardens, the conventional cultivated tea gardens (regular weeding) are used as a comparison to study the effects of Chamaecrista rotundifolia ‘minyin (CR) on temperature and humidity, soil physical and chemical properties, and growth of tea trees. Compared with the tea garden without interplanting, the content of organic matter, rapid nitrogen, and quick-impact phosphorus in the soil of the tea garden with CR significantly increased (P<0.05), among which the quick-impact nitrogen content increased by 57.78 mg/kg. The soil water content with CR was significantly increased by 21.84% (P<0.05) (0-20 cm soil layer) during the high temperature and drought period in summer. The change of daily air temperature reduced by 5.1 ℃, and the daily mean air humidity significantly increased by 3.9%. At the same time, the content of amino acids and tea leachate in the summer tea significantly increased (P<0.05). The results show that the tea garden interplanted with CR can effectively improve the soil quality, light, temperature, humidity and other small climate conditions, and it is an excellent green fertilizer suitable for the promotion and utilization of mountain tea gardens.
Keywords tea garden; Chamaecrista rotundifolia; intercropping; Wuyi rock tea; quality; yield; green manure
DOI 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2019.06.003
茶園是福建省丘陵山地的主要土地利用类型之一,随着茶叶经济效益的提升,茶叶种植面积不断扩大,已逐渐成为农村经济的支柱产业,但大部分传统茶园开发以清耕种植为主,由于茶园土壤缺乏地表覆盖,导致茶园土壤侵蚀严重,土壤肥力下降,加之茶园中肥料和农药的不合理施用,茶园生态环境日渐恶劣,严重制约茶产业的健康发展[1-2]。
圆叶决明(Chamaecrista rotundifolia),作为适宜在热带亚热带种植的豆科决明属绿肥牧草兼用型作物,具有耐酸、耐瘠、抗逆性强等特点[3]。福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所从国内外广泛征集引进热带豆科决明属品系,经比较试验、区域试验和生产试验,从中筛选出圆叶决明新品种闽引圆叶决明(C. rotundifolia‘minyin),其具有高产、抗旱、前期生长速度快、匍匐生长等特点[4],用于土壤改良与生态恢复的效果尤为突出,能有效降低红壤山地的土壤容重,提高土壤肥力,还可减少径流次数和径流量,防控水土流失,同时在果园中得以较大面积推广利用[5-9]。……