龚力民 何瑾 周准 杨梅 林桐婕 彭彩云 曾晓艳 王智 王炜


〔摘要〕 目的 比较研究湖南地区黄精属5种植物的叶表面显微特征。方法 采用剥撕法分别撕取叶上下表皮,用水合氯醛透化法制片,利用光学显微镜对植株成熟叶片中气孔的几项指标:气孔密度、气孔大小、气孔指数、气孔形态、气孔分布特点等进行观察;同时观察不同种植株的上下表皮细胞的异同。结果 5种黄精属植物的叶表皮细胞存在一定的相似性,但在表皮细胞的大小、垂周壁的样式、气孔特征等方面存在着一定的差异。结论 这5种植物的叶表面显微特征可作为湖南地区黄精属植物种间分类的参考依据。
〔关键词〕 黄精属;叶表面;气孔;表皮细胞
〔中图分类号〕R282.5 〔文献标志码〕A 〔文章编号〕doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-070X.2019.05.008
〔Abstract〕 Objective To comparatively study on leaf surface microscopic characteristics of 5 species of Polygonatum in Hunan province. Methods The upper and lower epidermis of leaves were separately torn by peeling method, making these tablets with Chloral Hydrate, and the stomatal indexes of mature leaves were observed by optical microscope, including stomatal density, stomatal size, stomatal index, stomatal morphology and stomatal distribution characteristics; the similarities and differences of the upper and lower epidermis cells of different plants were also observed at the same time. Results There were some similarities in leaf epidermal cells of 5 species of Polygonatum, but there were some differences in the size of epidermal cells, the pattern of vertical wall and stomatal characteristics. Conclusion The leaf surface microscopic characteristics of these 5 species can be used as a reference number for interspecific taxonomy of Polygonatum in Hunan province.
〔Keywords〕 Polygonatum; leaf surface; stomatal; epidermal cells
黃精属(Polygonatum)属于被子植物门百合科,全世界约40个种,主要分布于北温带[1]。我国现有黄精属植物有31种,《中国植物志》中均有记录[2]。
目前,关于黄精属植物的研究报道已有很多,如细胞分类学[3]、花粉形态研究[4]、叶片解剖比较分析[5]等研究,这些研究为黄精属植物种间准确分类作了大量工作。本文拟对湖南地区5种黄精属植物的叶表面显微特征进行研究,包括气孔的形态及大小、气孔密度和气孔指数以及表皮细胞等,旨在为百合科黄精属植物物种划分提供更多的实验依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料
本试验所用材料均取自于湖南中医药大学药植园,分别为长梗黄精(Polygonatum filipes Merr.)、玉竹(Polygonatum odoratum (Miller) Druce)、多花黄精(Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua)、黄精(Polygonatum sibiricum Redoute)、湖北黄精(Polygonatum zanlanscianense Pampanini)等5种黄精属植物。……