心理护理及健康教育在糖尿病肾病患者中的效果观察

邹云莲 徐亚青 郑建娣 莫健娣

[摘要] 目的 觀察心理护理及健康教育在糖尿病肾病患者中的效果。 方法 选择2017年1月～2018年1月在我院住院治疗的糖尿病肾病患者60例作为观察对象，随机分为观察组和对照组，每组30例，对照组采取常规护理，观察组在对照组治疗的基础上同时联合心理护理及健康教育，比较两组患者干预前后的焦虑心理及抑郁心理评分、生活质量各项评分、护理满意度。 结果 观察组与对照组患者干预前的SAS评分比较，差异不显著（P>0.05），干预后，观察组与对照组患者的SAS评分显著降低。观察组与对照组患者干预前的SDS评分比较，差异不显著（P>0.05），干预后，观察组与对照组患者的SDS评分显著降低。同时对比分析两组患者干预后的SAS评分、SDS评分，结果显示，观察组患者干预后的SAS评分、SDS评分分别显著低于对照组，组间比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组与对照组患者干预前的心理功能、躯体功能、物质生活状态、社会功能各项评分比较，差异不显著（P>0.05），干预后，观察组与对照组患者的心理功能、躯体功能、物质生活状态、社会功能各项评分明显升高，且显著高于对照组，组间比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组的护理满意率为96.67%，对照组的护理满意率为70.00%，两组对比，组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 对糖尿病肾病患者在积极对症治疗的同时采取心理护理及健康教育干预措施，有利于减轻患者的焦虑抑郁心理，改善生活质量，提高护理满意度。

[关键词] 糖尿病肾病;心理护理;健康教育;护理满意度

[中图分类号] R473.5          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2019）19-0154-04

[Abstract] Objective To observe the effect of psychological nursing and health education on patients with diabetic nephropathy. Methods A total of 60 patients with diabetic nephropathy treated in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2018 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group， each with 30 cases. The control group was given routine nursing while the observation group was additionally given psychological nursing and health education. The scores of anxiety and depression before and after intervention and scores of quality of life and nursing satisfaction were compared. Results There was no significant difference in SAS scores between the two groups before intervention（P>0.05）. After intervention， the SAS scores were significantly reduced in both groups. There was no significant difference in SDS scores between the two groups before intervention（P>0.05）. After intervention， the SDS scores were significantly reduced in both groups. After intervention， the SAS and SDS scores were significantly lower in the observation group than those in the control group and the differences were significant（P<0.05）. The psychological function， physical function， material life status and social function scores of the observation group and the control group were not significantly different before intervention（P>0.05）. After intervention， the scores of psychological function， physical function， material life status and social function of were significantly increased in both groups， and those in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group（P<0.05）. The nursing satisfaction rate of the observation group was 96.67%， and the nursing satisfaction rate of the control group was 70.00%. There was significant difference between the two groups（P<0.05）. Conclusion Psychological nursing and health education interventions for patients with diabetic nephropathy on the basis of actively symptomatic treatment are beneficial to alleviating anxiety and depression， improving quality of life and improving nursing satisfaction.

[Key words] Diabetic nephropathy; Psychological nursing; Health education; Nursing satisfaction

糖尿病肾病（diabetic nephropathy，DN）是糖尿病患者常见的并发症之一，是导致糖尿病患者死亡的重要原因[1]。糖尿病肾病常导致患者出现肾功能不全，引发各种严重并发症，甚至死亡[2]。通过积极治疗和有效的护理干预，能够有效提高糖尿病肾病的临床疗效，减少低血糖或酮症酸中毒、感染的发生率，从而提高患者的生存率[3]。心理护理……