电动汽车车载充电器辅助电源的高效设计

吴峰 杨小春 刘勇刚

摘  要：在节能减排绿色发展理念背景下，新能源汽车拥有巨大的发展空间，尤其是电动汽车。但是动力电池问题严重影响到电动汽车的发展，导致目前为止，电动汽车仍无法全面替代传统的汽油燃料汽车，因此，当下除了要解决电动汽车的电池性能外，还需要设计出完善的车载充电器。在电动汽车车载充电器中拥有多个功能模块，包括各自的控制模块、辅助电源模块、后级DC/DC变换器和AC/DC变换器等等，在车载充电器功能模块中，不同的模块对电源的需求不同，甚至需要多路电源同时供电，而这些模块所需要的电源全部由辅助电源提供，所以对电动汽车充电器辅助电源的设计十分重要。基于此，本文简单介绍了辅助电源设计的理论，并针对2kW车载充电器辅助电源系统，使用多路输出的单端反激式辅助电源设计，目的是减少开关管损耗，提高整个系统的效率。

关键词：电动汽车;车载充电器;辅助电源系统;同步整流技术

中图分类号：U469.72      文献标识码：A 文章编号：2096-4706（2019）21-0032-03

Abstract：Under the background of green development concept of energy saving and emission reduction，new energy vehicles have huge development space，especially electric vehicles. However，the power battery problem has seriously affected the development of electric vehicles. Until now，it has not been able to completely replace the traditional gasoline fuel vehicles. Nowadays，not only to solve the battery performance of electric vehicles，but also to design a complete vehicle charger. There are multiple functional modules in the electric vehicle car charger，including the respective control module，auxiliary power module，rear stage DC/DC converter and AC/DC converter，etc. In the car charger function module，different modules have different requirements for power supply，and even multiple power supplies are required to supply power at the same time. The power supplies required by these modules are all provided by the auxiliary power supply，so the design of the auxiliary power supply for the electric vehicle charger is very important. Based on this，this paper briefly introduces the theory of auxiliary power supply design，and uses a multi-output single-ended flyback auxiliary power supply design for the 2kW vehicle charger auxiliary power supply system. The purpose is to reduce the switching tube loss and provide the whole system.

Keywords：electric vehicle;car charger;auxiliary power system;synchronous rectification technology

0  引  言

随着工业技术的发展和人们生活水平的提高，人們对汽车这一交通工具的需求量在逐日增加，并带动了汽车相关产业的快速发展，但同时也引发了严重的环境问题。汽车行业要想持久发展，必须要向节能、环保两个方向进行发展。电动汽车具有低噪声、节能、高效和零污染等优势，成为当下最具有环保性的汽车[1]。动力电池是电动汽车最重要的部件，且其质量直接影响到电动汽车的动能存储和能量补给，因此，车载充电器的设计显得格外重要。……