糖皮质激素两种给药方式治疗婴幼儿哮喘急性发作的疗效比较

朱敬英

【摘 要】 目的：探讨两种糖皮质激素给药方式治疗婴幼儿哮喘急性发作的临床疗效。方法：收集48例哮喘急性发作患儿，随机分为两组，每组24例。对照组采用醋酸泼尼松片治疗，观察组采用布地奈德混悬液雾化吸入治疗。比较两组临床疗效，分析炎性因子水平及细胞免疫情况。结果：观察组患儿治疗总有效率为95.83%，对照组治疗总有效率为83.33%，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。在炎性因子水平方面，观察组嗜酸性粒细胞、血清IgE、IL-4水平明显低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;在细胞免疫情况方面，观察组CD4+/CD8+水平略高于对照组，但差异不显著（P>0.05）。结论：与口服给药相比，糖皮质激素吸入治疗患儿的哮喘急性发作的临床疗效基本一致，但是，在临床控制方面明显优于口服给药，通过布地奈德混悬液雾化吸入治疗，患者的哮喘症状得到了明显缓解，该种方式可以直接、快速改善患儿的临床症状，控制炎性因子水平。

【关键词】 糖皮质激素;婴幼儿;哮喘急性发作

Comparison of the therapeutic effects of glucocorticoid on acute attack of asthma in infants and young children

Zhu Jingying

Jingbian County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Yulin， Shaanxi 718500

[Abstract] Objective：To explore the clinical efficacy of two glucocorticoid administration methods in the treatment of acute attack of infantile asthma. Methods： 48 children with acute asthma attack were randomly divided into two groups， 24 cases in each group. The control group was treated with prednisone acetate tablets， while the observation group was treated with budesonide suspension aerosol inhalation. The clinical effects of the two groups were compared， and the levels of inflammatory factors and cellular immunity were analyzed. Results： The total effective rate of the observation group was 95.83%， and that of the control group was 83.33%. There was no significant difference （P>0.05）. In the level of inflammatory factors， the levels of eosinophils， serum IgE and IL-4 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group （P<0.05）， and the level of CD4+/CD8+ in the observation group was slightly higher than that in the control group， but the difference was not significant （P>0.05）. Conclusion： Compared with oral administration， the clinical efficacy of glucocorticoid inhalation in the treatment of children with acute asthma attack is basically the same. However， it is better than oral administration in clinical control. The asthma symptoms of the patients have been significantly alleviated by budesonide suspension aerosol inhalation. This method can directly and rapidly improve the clinical symptoms， control inflammation of children.

[Key words]Glucocorticoid; Infants; Acute asthma attack

哮喘是一種慢性疾病，短时间内患者易陷入危急状态，死亡率较高，一旦处于急性发作期，应及时治疗，缓解临床症状[1]。本研究选择48例哮喘急性发作患儿，观察糖皮质激素不同治疗方式的临床疗效，现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取2017年10月至2018年10月收治的48例哮喘急性发作患儿，采用随机划分的方式分为两组，各24例。观察组中，男13例，女11例，年龄0.4～3.0岁，平均年龄（2.18±0.22）岁，患病时间1～12个月，平均（10.2±4.1）个月。对照组中，男12例，女12例，年龄0.5～3.0岁，平均年龄（2.36±0.36）岁，患病时间1～12个月，平均（10.5±4.5）个月。两组患者一般资料无统计学意义（P>0.05），可对比。