汤惠淞 吴长水 吴习文



摘 要:新能源汽车锂电池荷电状态是反映电池及电源系统的重要参数,为达到实时估算SOC目的,基于无迹卡尔曼滤波算法提出SOC估算解决方案。在MATLAB/Simulink环境中建立一阶Thevenin等效电路模型和无迹卡尔曼滤波算法,通过建立混合功率脉冲特性实验,辨析出不同SOC和温度对电池模型的影响参数,将辨析出来的参数代入到UKF算法中进行仿真实验。实验结果表明,该荷电状态估算具有较高的精准度。
关键词:荷电状态;无迹卡尔曼滤波;等效模型电路;混合脉冲功率特性;汽车电子
DOI:10. 11907/rjdk. 201337 开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
中图分类号:TP301 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-7800(2020)011-0090-06
SOC Estimation of Battery State of Charge Based on UKF Algorithm
TANG Hui-song,WU Chang-shui,WU Xi-wen
(College of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China)
Abstract: The state of charge (SOC) of lithium battery in new energy vehicle is an important parameter reflecting the battery and power system. In order to estimate SOC in real time, this paper proposes a solution based on Unscented Kalman filter (UKF) algorithm. In Matlab / Simulink environment, the first-order Thevenin equivalent circuit model and unscented Kalman filter algorithm are established. Through the establishment of mixed power pulse characteristics experiment, the influence parameters of different SOC and temperature on the battery model are distinguished. Finally, the discriminated parameters are put into UKF Algorithm for simulation. The simulation results show that the state of charge estimation developed in this paper has high accuracy.
Key Words: state of charge; unscented Kalman filter algorithm; equivalent circuit model; hybrid pulse power characteristic; automotive electronics
0 引言
電池荷电状态(State of Charge,SOC)代表电池当前的剩余电量,决定当前状态下汽车可续驶里程。由于控制策略本质上依赖SOC估计,电池管理系统(BMS)可依据当前的剩余电量对电池充放电过程进行调整。所以,SOC时刻影响电池的充电效率和整车输出动力。郑旭等[1]、欧阳北平[2]对SOC估算结果受温度、电池健康状态、充放电流大小、传感器测量精度等影响因素进行研究,但该结果不能直接测量,必须通过电池模型参数估计。
SOC估计方法研究较多,如鲍慧等[3] 研究安时积分法估算SOC的误差校正;杨光荣等[4]改进安时积分法估算SOC;王党树等[5]设计扩展卡尔曼滤波(Extended Kalman Filter,EKF)的锂电池SOC估计;李泽洋等[6]、邹焕尧等[7]、杨峰等[8]、高凯等[9]基于UKF方法估算锂电池SOC。
虽然估算SOC方式很多,但是不同的方法有不同的局限性。安时积分法是应用最广泛的SOC估计方法,但需要高精度的电流传感器和准确的初始SOC值,累积误差和不确定干扰易造成估计精度不高。……