中压配电线路常见故障及运行维护管理

李格安 包晨熠 单振宁

摘  要：配电线路是电力系统至关重要的部分，属于电力传输终端，其在运行过程中容易受到内部因素和外部环境影响而出现故障。本文通过分析中压配电线路故障原因，围绕设备管理、线路改造等方面探究中压配电线路常见故障及运行维护管理措施，实现稳定安全供电。保证供电线路中断路器分布合理性，提高配电线路运行的可靠性，减少跳闸故障次数，缩小故障影响范围，减少配电线路故障发生率，优化电力传输质量。

关键词：中压配电线路  线路故障  运行维护  电力系统

Abstract： Distribution line is a very important part of power system and belongs to power transmission terminal. It is easy to be affected by internal factors and external environment during operation. This paper analyzes the causes of the faults of the medium voltage distribution lines， probes into the common faults and operation and maintenance management measures of the medium voltage distribution lines around the aspects of equipment management and line transformation， ensure the distribution rationality of circuit breaker in power supply line，improve the reliability of distribution line operation， reduce the number of trip failures， reduce the scope of fault influence， so as to ensure stable and safe power supply. Reduce the incidence of distribution line failures and optimize the quality of power transmission.

Key Words： Medium voltage distribution line; Line fault; Operation and maintenance; Power system

配電网结构复杂，分支数量多且传输距离远，故障发生后巡线查找形式费力费时，使得事故消极影响扩大。当出现故障跳闸问题会使供电中断，影响配电网运行可靠性。因此，有必要深入分析中压配电线路故障，采取针对性解决措施进行维护和管理，提升配电线路运行水平，控制故障发生次数，优化供电服务。

1  中压配电线路故障问题分析

中压配电线路的特点是信号传输距离远、分支多，故障形式包含永久故障和暂时故障。前者需要经过复杂排查消除问题，而后者则可以借助断路器解决问题。常见的故障类型如下：（1）中压配电线路相互交错且跨径较小，会受到大风影响出现混线情况，进而导致短路问题，使得配电站破坏、线路烧毁。（2）设备故障因素。部分未改造设备或线路老化问题十分严重，许多避雷装置损坏，线路弧垂较大，导致线路发生跳闸问题。……