重睑就医者社会心理因素与术后满意度相关性研究

赵红燕 唐娟 杨娥

[摘要]目的：探究重瞼就医者社会心理因素与术后满意度的相关性。方法：以重庆医科大学附属第一医院整形外科149例重睑就医者为研究对象。术前采用自制问卷，术后采用满意度调查问卷，术前临床访谈和术后追踪回访相结合。研究重睑就医者社会心理因素特征及其与术后满意度的相关性。结果：预期效果与手术满意程度呈现正相关，对手术效果的期待与手术满意程度呈负相关（P<0.05）;手术信任度与手术满意程度呈现正相关，肿胀消退情况与手术满意程度呈现正相关，术后效果评价、术前预期效果、家人朋友对该手术满意度与术后手术者满意度呈正相关（P<0.01）。社会因素中就医者年龄、性别、职业、收入、婚姻状况、术式等与术后满意度无明显相关性。结论：重睑术后满意度评价存在较大的主观性，术前对就医者做好预期效果、手术信任度调查，针对不同调查结果做好心理护理及专业指导，同时术中、术后的肿胀预防及处理可提高术后满意度。

[关键词]重睑术;社会因素;心理状态;满意度;相关性

Abstract： Objective  To investigate the correlation between psychosocial factors and post-operative satisfaction in patients with blepharoplasty. Methods  149 patients with blepharoplasty in the department of plastic surgery， the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were studied. In order to study the characteristics of psychosocial factors in patients with blepharoplasty and its correlation with post-operative satisfaction， a method of self-designed questionnaire was used pre-operatively with a clinical interview， and a post operative satisfaction questionnaire combined with follow up actions required. Results  There was a positive correlation between the expected effect and the degree of surgical satisfaction， and a negative correlation between the expected effect and the degree of surgical satisfaction（P<0.05）. There was a positive correlation between the degree of trust in surgeon-patient relationship and surgical satisfaction（P<0.01）. Post-operatively， there was a positive correlation between regression of swelling and surgical satisfaction（P<0.01）. There was also a positive correlation between family， friends， postoperative outcomes satisfaction and the expected pre-operative outcomes and post-operative patients' satisfaction（P<0.01）. Other findings such as social factors like age， sex， occupation， income， marital status and surgical approach have no significant correlation with patient postoperative satisfaction. Conclusion  There is subjectivity in the evaluation of patients' satisfaction after operation. The expected surgical outcome and trust in surgeon-patient relationship ought to be established， psychological nursing and professional guidance should be rendered with different essential investigations to be carried out， so as to achieve optimal health status prior to surgery. At the same time， management and prevention of post-operative swelling can improve patients' satisfaction score tremendously.

Key words： blepharoplasty; social factors; psychological state; satisfaction; correlation

高加索人重睑率约99%，而亚洲人重睑率仅有50%[1]。随着人们生活水平和生活质量的提高，人们对美的追求也更加强烈。因为眼睛独特的情感交流功能，有诗人将眼睛比喻为“心灵的窗户”[2]。且有研究证实，眼睛较自然状态增大5%～10%时更富有魅力[3]，且大多数人认为重睑比单睑更具吸引力。所以眼部的美观与否可直接影响脸部的整体效果和个人形象是否完美。目前重睑术已经成为整形外科中最常见的手术。整形手术是对就医者容貌进行客观塑造，帮助其建立更良好的形象，但是这种塑造是否符合就医者自身的主观愿望，成为评判整形美容手术是否成功的关键[4]。而且医学模式由传统医学模式渐渐向“生物-心理-社会”模式转变，就医者的满意度可直接反映医疗管理和服务的质量[5]，在医疗美容业更为突出[6]。目前，国内外对重睑就医者社会因素及心理状态与术后满意度相关性研究较少。因此，本研究调查了重睑就医者的社会及心理因素与术后满意度的相关性，为更好地为就医者提供优质服务，预防术后出现新的心理问题、提高术后满意度、避免因术后满意度低导致的医疗纠纷提供参考依据[7]。……