添加菌剂YX-3对猪粪堆肥氮素转化的影响

莫云 尹红梅 杜东霞 汪彬 刘惠知 刘标

摘 要：为了减轻堆肥过程中氨气释放的污染及氮素损失，以猪粪和稻草为原料进行了模拟堆肥试验，研究添加菌剂YX-3对猪粪堆肥处理过程中氮素转化的影响。结果显示：添加菌剂YX-3对堆体的温度无显著影响，均可达到堆肥高温无害化的要求，但可以降低堆体的pH值，加速堆肥腐熟。与对照相比，添加功能菌剂YX-3，可以显著降低堆体的铵态氮含量，减少氨气的挥发量;堆肥结束时，硝态氮、全氮含量较对照分别提高37%和11.7%。表明菌剂YX-3在猪粪堆肥过程中具有较好的降氨除臭和保氮的效果。

关键词：猪粪堆肥;菌剂YX-3;氮素变化;除臭保氮

中图分类号：S141.4文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-060X（2020）03-0057-04

Abstract： In order to reduce the pollution of NH3 emisson and nitrogen loss during pig manure composting， a simulated composting experiment was performed using pig manure and rice straw as raw materials， and the effect of adding microbial inoculum YX-3 on nitrogen transformation during the composting process was studied. The results showed that the microbial inoculum YX-3 had no significant effect on the temperature of the compost， meeting the requirement of high-temperature harmlessness of the compost; at the same time， YX-3 reduced the pH value of the compost and accelerated the compost decomposition. Compared with the control， the addition of functional microbial inoculum YX-3 significantly reduced ammonium nitrogen content of the compost and reduced the volatilization of ammonia; at the end of composting， nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen contents of the compost increased by 37% and 11.7% respectively. It demonstrated that microbial inoculum YX-3 had good effects on reducing ammonia emission， deodorizing and nitrogen conservation in the process of pig manure composting.

Key words： pig manure composting; microbial inoculum YX-3; nitrogen transformation; nitrogen preserving and deodorizing

堆肥作為一种有机固体废弃物资源化、无害化的有效处理技术，广泛运用于畜禽粪便的处理。畜禽粪便堆肥产品可提高土壤有机质含量，提高作物的产量，提升农作物的品质。但是在畜禽粪便堆肥过程中，会产生大量的恶臭气体，如氨气、挥发性含硫化合物和其他挥发性有机污染物（VOCs）等[1-4]，严重影响人类的生存健康。伴随人类对有机食品需求量的增加，有机肥的需求量也随之增加，堆肥带来的恶臭污染问题急需解决。

NH3是堆肥臭气中最主要的成分之一，不但污染空气，其释放还降低了堆肥产品中氮素的含量。研究表明，在堆肥过程中主要通过微生物的氨化作用产生氨气，产生量最多的时期是升温期和高温期，该阶段的氨气挥发量占总氨气挥发量的50%～70%[5，6]。……