新冠肺炎疫情防控对湖南省农业农村经济影响的调研与思考

黄振国 金龙新 陈俊宇 肖景峰 刘晗 刘芳清

摘 要：为科学评估新冠肺炎疫情防控对湖南省农业农村经济的影响，有针对性地提出应对措施，降低疫情带来的損失，分别对全省14个县（市、区）38个村开展了线上调查，了解新冠肺炎疫情对全省农业农村经济的影响。按受影响的程度分析，从生产环节来看，流通端>生产端>消费端，随着时间的推移和各道路卡口的取消，生产端的影响将会大于流通端;从经营主体来看，农业企业>专业合作社>种养大户（家庭农场）>普通农户;从农业产业来看，养殖业>休闲农业>种植业。基于以上判断，提出完善粮食和生猪生产服务体系，确保“米袋子”“肉盘子”安全;强化农产品供给链建设，构建本区域和跨区域销售网络;完善产地冷藏保鲜仓储设施建设，延长农产品保鲜期和供应期;健全农业应急管理体系，提升疫情灾害应对能力;优化服务、环境和产品，增强休闲农业发展内生动力等对策建议。

关键词：新冠肺炎;农业农村经济;建议;湖南

中图分类号：F301.2文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-060X（2020）03-0077-04

Abstract： In order to evaluate the impact of the prevention and control of Corona Virus Disease 2019 （COVID-19） on the agriculture and rural economy of Hunan Province scientifically and propose corresponding measures to reduce the losses caused by the COVID-19， an online investigation for 38 villages at 14 counties or cities or districts in Hunan Province was conducted. The results showed that the effect of COVID-19 on the stage of agricultural production was in the order： circulation>production>consumption， as time went on and the road closure was cancelled， that on the production would be larger than that on the circulation; the effect of COVID-19 on the agricultural business from high to low was agricultural enterprise>specialized cooperatives>large family farm （family farm）>ordinary farmers and that on the agricultural industry from high to low was breeding industry>leisure agriculture>planting industry. Based on the above judgment， the author proposed the following countermeasures and suggestions. The service system of grain and pig production should be improved to ensure the security of “rice bag” and “meat supply”; the agricultural product supply chain should be strengthened; both the regional and cross-regional sales network should be constructed; the refrigerated storage facilities in the origin of agricultural place should be built up to extend the refreshing time and supply period of agricultural products; the agricultural emergency management system should be improved to increase the ability to respond to epidemics and disasters; the service， environment and product should be optimized to enhance the internal driving force for the development of the leisure agriculture.

Key words： COVID-19; agriculture and rural economy; proposal; Hunan

新型冠状病毒肺炎（Corona Virus Disease 2019，COVID-19），简称“新冠肺炎”，是指2019年新型冠状病毒感染导致的肺炎。2019年12月以来，新冠肺炎疫情对我国经济社会发展带来严峻挑战，也对全国农业生产带来诸多不利影响。当前，正值湖南省春耕备耕的关键时期，统筹抓好疫情防控和春耕备耕、确保农业生产不误农时是目前的首要工作。为科学评估新冠肺炎疫情防控对湖南省农业农村经济的影响，湖南省农业科学院乡村振兴研究团队依托湖南乡村振兴长期观察点（村）平台，及时制定研究方案，设计调查问卷，并于2020年2月14日发起线上问卷调查。