口语步步高:Civility

2020-05-19 15:06陶艺丞
疯狂英语·初中版 2020年3期
关键词:纸巾颗粒物例句

陶艺丞

前两期我们讨论了社会主义核心价值观里面的富强(prosperity)、民主(democracy),今天我们要介绍的是第三个词——文明(civility)。

一、文明的概念

“文明”一词翻译成英文叫做“civility”,意思相近于politeness,指“the act ofshowing regard for others”,是一种社会行为。

civility [sa'vilati]n.礼貌;谦恭

例句:1.They greeted us with civility.

他们很有礼貌地迎接了我们。

2. Tom shows his civility before his parents' friends.

汤姆在他父母的朋友面前表现得很有礼貌。

它的反义词是incivility [.insa'vilati]n.无礼;粗鲁

例句:She is tired of his constant incivility.

她厌倦了他一贯的无礼。

它的形容词是civilized ['sivalaizd] adj.文明的;有礼的;优雅的

例句:Such behavior is unacceptable in a civilized society.

这样的行为在文明社会里是不受欢迎的。

此外,“文明“一词还可以翻译为civilization,这里指的是“the way people livetogether in a certain place at a certain time”,是人类精神面和物质面的行为模式的复合体。

civilization[,sivalai'zeifn]n.文明;教养

例句:1. Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world.

中国文化是世界上最古老的文化之一。

2. He is remembered for his generosity and civilization.

他因慷慨和良好的教养而被人们怀念。

常见词汇搭配:

动词 + ~

create /destroy the civilization创造/毁灭文明

spread civilization传播文明

形容调 + ~

ancient civilization古代文明

modern civilization现代文明

great civilization伟大文明

high civilization高度文明

moral civilization道德文明

spiritual civilization精神文明

Oriental civilization东方文明

Western civilization西方文明

二、疫情期间的文明表现

The Spring Festival in 2020 is really special when China is making an effort to fightagainst the COVID-19. As a Chinese, what should we do to show our civility during thisperiod? Let's take a look.

2020年的春節是不寻常的,中国正努力地对抗COVID-19。作为一个中国人,我们在疫情期间应该做好哪些行为来表现我们的文明呢?我们一起来了解一下吧!

1 Wear a mask when going out 出门戴口罩

一般来说,用mask来表达口罩的用法比较普遍。在词典中,mask指的是“a covering for part or all of theface,worn to hide or protect it"(一部分或全部脸的覆盖物,用来隐藏或保护它)。

N95口罩=N95-certified masks

为什么叫N95口罩?因为是NIOSH(National Institutefor Occupational Safety and Health,美国国家职业安全卫生研究所)认证的9种防颗粒物口罩中的一种。

A mask rated N95 filters out more than 95% of particles larger than 0.3 microns.

达到N95等级的口罩可以滤除超过95%的直径大于0.3微米的颗粒物。

医用外科口罩= surgical mask

surgical用作形容词的时候意思为“used in or connected withsurgery”,就是指“外科的;外科手术的”。加上mask就是外科口罩啦!

2 Don't shake hands or hug when meeting

见面不握手或拥抱

3 Never party or dine together

不聚会,不聚餐

party v.聚会

例句:That night we partied until dawn.

那晚我们痛饮到天亮。

dine[dain]v.用正餐;进餐

例句:Every weekend, we dine at a nice little restaurant in the neighbourhood.

每个周末,我们在附近一家别致的小餐馆进餐。

4 Avoid disclosing false information

不传谣

disclose[dis'klauz]v.揭露;使某物显露;公开

例句:I have no intention of disclosing theirnames.我无意泄露他们的姓名。

5 Make fewer trips outside

少出门

6 Don't discard masks at will 不乱扔口罩

discard [dis'ka:d]v.丢弃

例句:He discarded his winter clothing.

他把冬天穿的衣服都丢弃了。

at will 随意;任意

例句:He tells us that we can wander around at will.

他告诉我们说我们可以任意闲逛。

7 Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when sneezing or coughing

咳嗽或打喷嚏时用纸巾掩口鼻

tissue ['tifu:]n.纸巾

例句:She gave us a box of tissues.

她递给我们一盒纸巾。

sneeze [sni:z]V.打噴嚏

例句:The dust made him sneeze.

灰尘使他打了个喷嚏。

8 Obey the rules in your community

遵守社区管理规定

Let's do the above things and bea civilized person! As long as we pulltogether, I believe we can get over theepidemic soon!

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