陈宇 张泓

【摘要】 目的:探討住院离休老干部患者的心理特点,提出针对性的心理护理对策,提供全面优质护理服务。方法:对2019年1-3月福建省立医院干部特诊一科收治的100例住院离休老干部患者的临床资料进行分析,采用简明精神病量表(BPRS)评估患者敏感猜疑的程度,日常生活能力量表(ADL)评估患者依赖感程度,抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评定患者焦虑、抑郁程度。对有心理问题的患者采用护理干预,干预3个月后重新通过简明精神病量表(BPRS)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评估患者心理状态。结果:根据统计结果,100例老干部患者存在不同程度的焦虑恐惧、孤独抑郁、敏感猜疑、依赖感等心理问题。心理干预后,孤独抑郁、焦虑恐惧、敏感猜疑、依赖感及合并两种以上情感障碍的患病率与护理干预前相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),护理干预后孤独抑郁、焦虑恐惧、敏感猜疑、依赖感即合并2种以上情感障碍的患病率均较患病前减少。结论:离休老干部患者的心理状态应引起足够的重视,针对不同的心理特点及时给予相应的心理健康指导和心理护理,帮助老干部患者减轻心理压力和心理障碍,提高住院生活质量。
【关键词】 住院离休干部 心理问题 心理干预
[Abstract] Objective: To explore the psychological and psychological characteristics of hospitalized elderly cadres, and to propose targeted psychological nursing strategies to provide comprehensive quality nursing services. Method: The clinical data of hospital retired cadres admitted to the Department of Diagnosis and Treatment of Fujian Provincial Government Hospitalized from January to March 2019 were analyzed. The patients sensitivity to suspicion was assessed using the succinct psychotic scale (BPRS). The strength force scale the (ADL) was used to assess the degree of patient dependence, the self-rating depression scale (SDS), and the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) to assess the degree of anxiety and depression. Patients with psychological and psychological problems were treated with nursing intervention, and after 3 months of intervention, they passed the simple psychiatric scale (BPRS), daily life capacity scale (ADL), and depression, self-assessment scale (SDS), anxiety self-assessment scale (SAS) to assess to state of mind psychology of the patient. Result: According to the statistics results, 100 elderly and old cadres had different levels of anxiety, loneliness, depression, sensitivity, suspicion, dependence and other psychological problems. After mentality intervention, lonely depression, anxiety fear, sensitive and suspected, dependent with more than two emotional problems sick rate compared with before nursing intervention, discrepancy all hadstatistics meaning (P<0.05), after nursing intervention lonely depression, anxiety fear, sensitive and suspected, dependence, with more than two emotional problems sick rate decreased compared with before sick have decreased. Conclusion: We should pay attention to psychological condition of hospitalized elderly cadres, aiming at different psychological characteristics with psychological health advises and psychological pressure and psychological problems, improve the quality of hospitalized life.
随着社会老年人口数量急剧增长,老年人的身体状况面临疾病的威胁。因此,老年人的身心健康受到极度重视[1]。国外研究显示,焦虑、抑郁症状是老年人常见的负性情绪。离休后约1/3老年人不适应,出现孤独、失落等负性情绪。近年来,焦虑、抑郁的发病率呈逐年上升趋势。它不仅影响老年人的生活质量及健康而且当焦虑抑郁症状严重且持久时,可能会发展为焦虑症、抑郁症,对个体生活质量造成严重损害。大量调查研究表明,通过实施标准化的整体护理模式不仅可以有效地提升患者对治疗的配合,而且能够帮助患者进一步达到康复的目的[2]。……