张恒 李文平
摘要 本文针对当前花椒产业发展实际,利用本土品种作为砧木,选用改良的无刺花椒作为接穗,利用劈接法实现嫁接成活与苗圃管理,形成了一套高效可行的无刺花椒商业化生产技术,为西北半干旱区发展花椒产业提供了一套标准化育苗管理技术,对进一步壮大花椒产业、促进农民脱贫增收具有重要意义。
关键词 无刺花椒;砧木;嫁接;管理
中图分类号 S616 文献标识码 B
文章编号 1007-5739(2020)11-0103-01 开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID)
Commercial Production Technology of Stingless Prickly Ash Grafted Seedlings
ZHANG Heng 1 LI Wen-ping 2 *
(1 Agricultural Comprehensive and Service Center of Maguan Town,Zhangjiachuan Country,Zhangjiachuan Gansu 741300;
2 Vegetable Industry Science and Technology Demonstration Park Management Committee of Wushan County)
Abstract According to the current development of the prickly ash industry,the native variety was used as root stocks,the improved stingless prickly ash was selected as scion,the graft survival and plant nursery management were realized by means of split-grafting. It has formed a set of efficient and feasible commercial production technology of prickly ash,which provides a set of standardized seedling management technology for the development of prickly ash industry in the semi-arid region of northwest China. This technology is of great significance to further expand the prickly ash industry and promote farmers′ poverty reduction and income increase.
Key words stingless prickly ash;root stock;grafting;management
花椒又名大椒、山椒,是一种很好的经济树种。其果皮可作为调味料,也可提取香油和入药;种子可以食用[1]。花椒性喜光、耐寒、耐旱,适应性广,病虫害相对较少,在海拔300~2 600 m、年降雨500 mm以上、最低温在-18 ℃以上的坡地、平地均可正常生长,是我国半干旱地区可以大面积栽植的主要经济林树种[2]。甘肃是全国花椒生产第一大省,尤其是陇南、天水地区为传统花椒产业的优势生产区,花椒产业已成为当地群众增收致富的重要支柱产业[1,3],但传统的花椒栽培品种都是本土品种,不仅树龄短、病虫害多,而且树身刺多,给人工采摘和管理造成不便[3]。无刺花椒是多年来通过花椒园中变异的大红袍品种反复嫁接培育优质优选改良而来[4],在现代花椒产业基地建设中具有非常好的应用前景。本文总结了无刺花椒嫁接苗商品化生产技术,以本土品种作为砧木、改良的无刺花椒作为接穗,采用劈接法进行嫁接[5],以期为无刺花椒苗木的商品化生产提供参考。……