王红梅 张琳


摘要 [目的]比较蒸馏法与超临界CO2萃取法提取细辛挥发油化学成分。[方法]优化超临界CO2提取细辛挥发油方法,并用GC-MS法对2种提取方法所得化学成分定量分析。[结果]超临界CO2和蒸馏法提取的挥发油仅鉴定了百分值大于2%的8种成分,分别占挥发油总成分的94.38%和93.93%。[结论]2种提取方法所得的挥发油组分与含量差异不大,为细辛挥发油的进一步开发应用提供了理论依据。
关键词 细辛;超临界CO2萃取法;蒸馏法;挥发油;化学成分;GC-MS
中图分类号 R284.2文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611(2020)11-0205-02
Abstract [Objective] The research aimed to compare the distillation and supercritical CO2 extraction methods to extract the chemical constituents of asarum volatile oil.[Method]Essential oils were extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction and stream distillation. The chemical components of essential oil were analyzed on GCMS instrument. [Result]Supercritical CO2 and volatile oil extracted by distillation only identified 8 components with a percentage value greater than 2%, accounting for 94.38% and 93.93% of the total volatile oil composition, respectively.[Conclusion]The components and contents of the volatile oil obtained by the two extraction methods are not much different, which provides a theoretical basis for the further development and application of volatile oil from Asarun sieboldii miq.
Key words Asarun heterotropoidies Fr.var. mandshuricum (Maxim) Kitag;Supercritical CO2 extraction method;Stream distillation;Essential oil;Chemical constituents;GCMS
细辛Asarun sieboldiimiq为马兜铃科细辛属多年生草本,为常用中药,具有祛风止痛、解表散寒、行水和开窍之功效,亦具有治疗风冷头痛、鼻渊、齿痛、痰饮咳逆及风湿痹痛的作用。 作药用的有北细辛(Asarun heterotropoidies Fr.var.mandshuricum(Maxim)Kitag)、华细辛(Asarum sieboldii miq.)和汉城细辛(Asarum sieboldii miq.var.seoulense Nakai )的干燥全草,以根色灰黄、叶色绿、气辛香、嚼之辛辣麻舌者佳。细辛含挥发油,为多成分混合物,经气相色谱-质谱联用分离鉴定的有α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、崁烯、优香芹酮、黄樟醚、甲丁基香酚等。
吴艳蓉等[1]对细辛的挥发油进行了研究,所建立的分析方法可用于细辛药材的质量控制。随着挥发油提取方法及化学分析仪器如气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)等普遍用于中医药领域,尤其是细辛挥发油的化学成分进一步明确,对挥发油提取工艺的改进有指导意义[2]。
超临界CO2萃取(SFE-CO2)技术集提取、分离、浓缩为一体,尤其萃取剂无色无毒,廉价易得,临界压力低,且临界温度接近常温,因此超临界CO2萃取技术在药用植物有效成分提取中得到越来越广泛的应用[3-7]。……