宋珊珊



摘 要:利用温州一体化平台数据资料、温州C波段双偏振多普勒雷达产品资料和浙江省中尺度气象自动站资料等,本文对2019年4月23—24日平阳县连续强冰雹天气过程简要分析。结果表明,该次冰雹天气发生在200 hPa西风急流、850 hPa西南气流的天气背景下,探空的0 ℃层高度和-20 ℃层高度均十分有利于冰雹在雷暴单体中的维持和增长;常规多普勒雷达产品回波反射率因子表现出十分典型的超级单体雷暴回波特征,出现了三体散射回波;双偏振雷达的ZDR、KDP等参量能有效地提高对冰雹的识别能力,HCL产品能直观地识别出粒子形态,对降水粒子的种类进行判断。
关键词:200 hPa急流;双偏振雷达;三体散射回波;HCL
Abstract: Using Wenzhou integrated platform data, Wenzhou C-band dual-polarization Doppler radar product data and Zhejiang mesoscale meteorological automatic station data, etc., this paper briefly analyzes the continuous strong hail weather process in Pingyang County from April 23 to 24, 2019. The results show that the hail weather occurred under the weather background of 200 hPa westerly jet and 850 hPa southwest airflow, the sounding of 0 ℃ layer height and -20 ℃ layer height were very conducive to the maintenance and growth of hail in thunderstorm monomers; the echo reflectance factor of conventional Doppler radar products exhibited very typical characteristics of supercell thunderstorm echoes, and three-body scattering echoes appeared; the parameters such as ZDR and KDP of dual polarization radar could effectively improve the ability to recognize hail, HCL products could intuitively recognize the particle shape and judge the type of precipitation particles.
Keywords: 200 hPa jet;dual polarization radar;three-body scattering echo;HCL
冰雹是浙江省常見气象灾害之一,常常来势迅猛、强度大、发生时间短、危害局地性强,出现时多伴随大风和短时强降雨,给人民群众生产生活造成重大损失,是气象部门预报难度较大的灾害性天气。2019年4月23—24日,平阳连续发生强冰雹天气,对平阳造成了一定损失,多个乡镇出现了直径10~30 mm的冰雹,4月24日平阳本站观测到直径15 mm冰雹。前人对冰雹天气的发生机制做了大量研究。金米娜等[1]认为,有利的环境是江西冰雹天气发生发展的条件,适宜的0 ℃层高度和-20 ℃层高度促使冰雹粒子增长;鲁德金等[2]分析了安徽省春夏季出现的冰雹云雷达回波特征,指出冰雹云回波强度至少达到55 dBz,单体最大垂直累积液态水含量(VIL)应不小于30 kg/m2,一般为40~80 kg/m2。气象部门通常借助天气雷达资料来开展冰雹等强对流天气的临近预报,大量学者和气象研究人员对超级单体风暴个例中多普勒天气雷达回波的特征做了很多分析,得出的研究成果作为可靠的参考依据应用于强对流天气预报预警业务上[3-8]。……