曹晓敏 金凯 马海超 尤桑杰

摘 要:本文利用NCAR/NCEP资料,对发生在青海东部农业区的一次区域性大到暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明,本次暴雨天气过程主要受西伸到青藏高原东部的副热带高压及500 hPa风场上冷空气入侵青藏高原北部的影响。热低压中的上升气流与冷锋后的下沉气流构成纬向闭合环流,青藏高原热低压中的上升气流与副热带高压中的下沉气流形成径向闭合环流,垂直闭合环流的形成提供了源源不断的暖湿气流和稳定的上升气流,持续的降水造成了暴雨天气。副热带高压外围强盛的西南气流的稳定维持使得充足的水汽输送到青藏高原东部暴雨地区。
关键词:暴雨;等熵位涡;不稳定能量;垂直运动
Abstract: This paper used NCAR / NCEP data to conduct a diagnostic analysis of a regional heavy rainstorm process that occurred in the agricultural area of eastern Qinghai. The results showed that the rainstorm process was mainly affected by the subtropical high extending to the east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the cold air invading the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on the 500 hPa wind field. The rising air flow in the hot low pressure and the sinking air flow after the cold front formed a closed loop in the weft direction, the ascending air current in the thermal depression of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the subsidence air current in the subtropical high pressure formed a radial closed loop, the formation of a vertically closed circulation provided a continuous flow of warm and humid air and a steady upward airflow, and continuous precipitation caused heavy rain. The steady maintenance of the strong southwest airflow around the subtropical high allowed sufficient water vapor to be transported to the rainstorm area in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Keywords: rainstorm;isentropic potential vortex;unstable energy;vertical motion
在青藏高原東部地区,受地理位置、海拔、水汽输送等因素的影响,发生暴雨的概率并不大,极端大暴雨事件出现的可能性非常小,但近几年来,青藏高原东侧地区的极端暴雨事件频繁发生[1]。为此,任余龙[2]等研究了西北区东部大暴雨过程的湿位涡诊断及数值模拟;井喜[3]等研究了青藏高原东北侧突发性大暴雨的综合环流场。为了更好地了解青藏高原东部地区暴雨的形成机理,本文对2010年9月20日青海东部的一次强降水天气过程进行分析和总结。
1 资料与方法
本文所用资料是NCAR/NCEP(美国国家环境预报中心和美国大气科学研究中心)多要素逐6 h客观分析资料(Final Operational Global Analysis,以下简称为FNL资料)。本文主要利用FNL资料对此次个例做环流背景、等熵位涡、垂直环流(纬向风[u]和经向风[v]的垂直环流、经向和纬向垂直环流)、稳定度、水汽等方面的分析,研究并总结出青海暴雨发生的物理机制。……