黄河三角洲惠白菊不同部位挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

许杰 吴涛 唐甜甜 张文勇

摘 要：采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取黄河三角洲地区惠白菊花部、叶部挥发油，通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）对挥发油的化学成分进行分析鉴定。结果表明，从黄河三角洲地区惠白菊花和叶中，分别鉴定出61、70种化学成分，分别占挥发油含量的98.14%、95.57%。黄河三角洲地区惠白菊花中挥发油的主要成分是樟脑，相对含量为25.25%。叶中挥发油的主要成分是β-杜松烯，相对含量为16.11%。叶挥发油中樟脑、石竹素和冰片含量丰富，相对含量分别为6.82%、4.58%和2.21%。黄河三角洲地区惠白菊不同部位的挥发油化学成分和含量存在差异，花部、叶部挥发油中的活性物质含量丰富。

关键词：黄河三角洲;惠白菊;不同部位;挥发油;气相色谱-质谱联用

中图分类号 R284.1文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2020）09-0027-06

Chemical Components Analysis of Volatile Oil from Different Parts of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. ‘HuibaijuCultivated in the Yellow River Delta

Xu Jie1 et al.

（1Department of Bioengineering， Binzhou Vocational College， Binzhou 256603， China）

Abstract： The volatile oils from the flowers and leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. ‘Huibaiju cultivated in the Yellow River Delta were extracted by steam distillation. The chemical components of volatile oils were analyzed and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The results showed that sixty-one and seventy components were identified by GC-MS in the volatile oil from flowers and leaves， accounting for 98.14% and95.57% of the total volatile oils respectively. The main component of volatile oil from flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. ‘Huibaiju was camphor， which relative content was 25.25%. The main component of volatile oil from leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. ‘Huibaiju was β-cadinene， which relative content was 16.11%. Forthermore， the contents of camphor， borneol， caryophyllene oxide in volatile oil from leaves were higher， accounting for 6.82%， 4.58% and 2.21% of the total volatile oils respectively. The volatile oils components and contents from different parts of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. ‘Huibaiju cultivated in the Yellow River Delta were different and contents of some active substances were higher. The results provide scientific basis for the better development and utilization of Chrysanthemum morifolium resources cultivated in the Yellow River Delta.

Key words： Yellow River Delta; Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. ‘Huibaiju; Different parts; Volatile oils; GC-MS

菊花（Chrysanthemum morifolium）為菊科多年生草本植物，其干燥的头状花序是传统常用中药。菊花性味苦辛，微寒，归经，心经，具有散风清热、平肝明目、清热解毒、止血消肿等功效，被广泛用于医疗和生活等方面[1]。菊花的主要有效成分为挥发油和黄酮类化合物。研究表明，不同产地的菊花在挥发油含量以及挥发油组成方面有所差别[2-3]。

在黄河三角洲地区，菊花已有600多年的栽培历史。惠白菊是山东惠白菊农业发展有限公司通过挖掘黄河三角洲地区药用菊花资源选育的优质高产品种，其在黄河三角洲规范化种植面积达1333.33hm2，形成了长江以北最大的菊花种植基地。惠白菊制成的花茶具有“汤色黄、香气高、滋味浓、耐冲泡、营养高”等特点，是菊花茶中的极品，其销量约占国内菊花茶市场总量的16%。……